This study aims to examine the influence of the components Fraud Hexagon on financial statement fraud in Indonesian state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2024. Using purposive sampling, 50 firm-year observations were selected from 10 SOEs. The hypotheses were tested using binary logistic regression via SPSS 31. The empirical results indicate that, individually, none of the six dimensions has a positive and significant effect on financial statement fraud. In fact, one component (nature of industry) exhibits a significant but negative effect. The absence of a positive effect is attributed to the multilayered oversight functions carried out by the government and the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), combined with strict regulatory compliance, which effectively mitigate fraudulent practices in this sector. These findings imply that robust external oversight mechanisms can neutralise the pressures and opportunities described in agency theory. Practically, SOE management is encouraged to maintain a compliance framework and strengthen internal control systems to detect fraud at an earlier stage. This study makes a new contribution by specifically focusing on the population of Indonesian SOEs using the most recent observation period, 2020–2024, and provides empirical evidence that differs from findings in the private sector.
This study aims to analyze the implementation of environmental control policies and environmental costs in wastewater management practices of restaurant businesses in Kendari City from a green accounting perspective. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving three restaurants in Kendari City: Kampong Bakau, Mades, and Mas Bejho. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis and validated through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that wastewater management remains at a basic control stage, characterized by simple separation and filtration practices without advanced sustainable treatment. Environmental control policies are implemented internally but remain informal and are not fully aligned with environmental regulations. In addition, environmental costs are not systematically identified and recorded, indicating that green accounting practices have not been optimally implemented. The findings support sustainability theory by demonstrating that environmental aspects have not been fully integrated into MSME management practices. Practically, the study highlights the need for stronger government support, environmental policy implementation, and systematic environmental cost recording to promote sustainable business practices. This study extends green accounting research by examining environmental control policies and environmental cost practices in wastewater management among restaurant MSMEs, a context that remains underexplored in previous studies.
This study was conducted to examine and analyze determining factors of Islamic banking financial performance. The method used a qualitative literature review based on 30 Scopus-indexed scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023. The stages carried out in this literature study method include selecting the theme and focus of the study, determining the database of articles taken from journals indexed by Scopus, determining the inclusion criteria related to the determinants of Islamic financial performance, conducting article searches and article selection, and conducting management and assessment of information sources. The results has shown that Islamic bank performance is not solely determined by financial factors, but is also influenced by sharia and corporate governance, intellectual capital, social responsibility, and operational soundness. Therefore, the success of Islamic banks in achieving optimal performance requires an integration of good corporate governance, sharia governance, sustainability practices, intellectual capital, and financial soundness. These research results are expected to provide guidance on the direction and trends of research in the field of Islamic banking performance, so that they can provide opportunities for further research. The novelty of this research lies in developing a holistic overview of the literature on the determinants of Islamic bank financial performance by combining aspects of governance, Islamic social reporting, intellectual resources, and banking health indicators. This study not only summarizes previous empirical findings but also demonstrates a paradigm shift that Islamic bank financial performance is influenced not only by financial factors but also by the quality of Islamic governance and Islamic social responsibility.
This study examines the effect of credit risk on the financial performance of conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. Financial performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA), while credit risk is represented by Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan Loss Provisions (LLP), and Insider Lending (INSL). In addition, the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is included as an independent variable, while Firm Size serves as a control variable. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements of listed banks. The sample consists of 27 conventional banks selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 135 firm-year observations. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using EViews software. The results indicate that NPL has a positive and significant effect on ROA at the 10% significance level, while LLP has a negative and significant effect on ROA. Meanwhile, Insider Lending and CAR do not have a significant effect on financial performance. Firm Size is found to have a positive and significant effect on ROA. These findings suggest that although credit quality and Loan Loss Provisioning remain important determinants of bank profitability, adequate capital levels and Insider Lending practices do not necessarily influence financial performance. The study highlights the importance of effective credit risk management, particularly in controlling Loan Loss Provisions, to maintain profitability in the Indonesian banking sector.
This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance by identifying measurement proxies and synthesizing empirical findings from previous studies. The method employed is a narrative literature review. The literature search was conducted using the ScienceDirect database, focusing on articles published between 2023 and 2026. Articles were included if they were published in English in Scopus-indexed peer-reviewed journals and specifically examined the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and ESG performance, and 25 articles were retained for detailed analysis because they met these criteria. The governance mechanisms examined include board characteristics, namely board size, board independence, CEO duality, gender diversity, expertise and educational background, as well as ownership structures, including institutional, foreign, family, and state ownership. The results indicate that most governance mechanisms positively affect ESG performance, particularly gender diversity, board independence, environmental expertise, institutional ownership, and foreign ownership. However, several studies report inconsistencies regarding board size, CEO duality, and state ownership. These findings confirm that corporate governance is a critical factor in supporting sustainability strategies and enhancing ESG performance.
