In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the association between risk factors such as overweight, obesity and physical activity, and incidence of various cancers.Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the risk ratio of follicular lymphoma incidence and mortality in overweight and obese individuals, and in individuals with a different physical activity levels using the random-effects model.A literature search through September 2016 was performed.Case-control studies accounted for over 2.100 cases and 12.700 controls, whereas cohort studies accounted for over 2.600 cases in cohort of about 3.000.000individuals.In overweight individuals (body mass index between 25 and 29.99 kg/m 2 ) risk ratio for the development of follicular lymphoma was 1.03 (0.95-1.11; 95% CI; p = 0.51) and in obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) it was 1.15 (1.01-1.31;95% CI; p = 0.04) when compared to individuals with normal body mass index (< 25 kg/m 2 ).The risk ratio of specific follicular lymphoma mortality in overweight was 0.59 (0.38-0.91; 95% CI; p = 0.02), while in obese patients it was 1.08 (0.68-1.71; 95% CI; p = 0.75).In patients with the highest physical activity levels, the risk ratio for follicular lymphoma occurrence was 0.95 (0.75-1.21; 95% CI; p = 0.68) when compared to patients that had the lowest physical activity levels.In summary, our meta-analysis has shown statistically significant direct association between obesity and follicular lymphoma incidence.
Pancreatic tissues from 22 patients with a wide variety of types of shock were obtained within minutes of somatic death for light and electron microscopy and for cytochemical studies. By light microscopy, it was difficult to ascertain any differences between the shock groups; however, electron microscopy disclosed subcellular alterations that could be correlated well with the type, severity, and duration of shock. Mild cases of shock or shock of short duration showed mild cell damage, while extreme cases of hemorrhagic or septic shock showed cell death and necrosis. No morphological evidence for lysosomal initiation of damage was seen, but it is clear that the pancreas can undergo severe cell injury during shock that could result in release of further damaging enzymes, most probably from zymogen granules rather than from lysosomes.
Thirty cases of islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas diagnosed at Memorial Hospital were studied. There were 17 male and 13 female patients. The average age was 44 years. Most of the tumors were located in the body or tail of pancreas; in 25 instances, the primary tumor was larger than 6 cm. Epigastric pain, hypoglycemia, and jaundice were frequent primary clinical presentations. No morphological differences were found between functioning and nonfunctioning tumors. Size of tumor, local tissue infiltration, and vascular invasion were helpful; but they were not absolute parameters aiding in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. Twenty-six patients had metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Liver, regional lymph nodes, bones, and peritoneum were common sites of metastases. The average survival was 3.9 years. The cumulative five-year survival rate was 65%.
Recent investigations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have disclosed the presence of paramyxo-virus-like nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm of renal endothelial cells of patients with this disease. Elaborate techniques have failed to demonstrate conclusively that these are indeed viruses. Concomitantly, there is increasing evidence that SLE patients have defective cell-mediated-immunity. A 3-year-old child with SLE exhibited clinical evidence of defective cellular immunity. At postmortem, paramyxoviruslike tubular structures were demonstrated in her kidneys. Additional findings included the presence of intracytoplasmic viral particles consistent morphologically with herpes simplex virus in neurons from the lateral geniculate body and numerous "nuclear bodies" in neurons and glial cells. A dysplastic thymus gland demonstrated virtual absence of lymphocytes and was devoid of Hassall corpuscles, unlike the thymus usually seen in SLE.
