Introduction: The duration of occupational exposure and the absorbed dose are important parameters for the assessment of the health status of linear accelerator operators. Biochemical changes in liver and kidney function may be related to prolonged exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation. Method: A cross-sectional comparative design with a retrospective part for dose measurements was used. Occupational exposure data included 120 workers of four linear accelerator units, 30 workers in each hospital. Laboratory examination was done on 60 subjects (40 exposed workers and 20 non-exposed controls) and included liver, kidney and complete blood profile. Results: Total absorbed dose mean value was 1.93 ± 0.42 × 10-1 mSv, mean exposure duration was 6.26 ± 3.26 years. The highest absorbed dose was recorded in hospital A (2.04 ± 0.75 × 10-1 mSv) and the longest duration of exposure was noted in hospital D (7.67 ± 2.43 years). Renal changes were minimal; creatinine in exposed males was 0.664 ± 0.102 mg/dL compared to 0.498 ± 0.040 mg/dL in controls. Liver changes were more pronounced with ALT reaching 83.260±3.623 U/L vs 22.840±2.604 U/L in controls. Hematologic evaluation revealed mild changes in erythrocyte indices, lymphocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils and platelets. Conclusions: In chronic occupational exposure, changes in liver indicators, especially ALT, were more pronounced than changes in renal indicators. The findings imply the value of supplementing occupational dose monitoring with periodic biochemical and hematological assessment.
Introducción: La biología química integra química orgánica, biología molecular, biofísica y farmacología experimental para el diseño racional, la identificación y la validación de moléculas bioactivas. Esta revisión contextualiza tecnologías fluorescentes, biosensores y bibliotecas codificadas frente a metodologías comparativas del descubrimiento de fármacos, como el diseño basado en fragmentos, el cribado de alto rendimiento y la presentación en fagos. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica mediante la consulta de PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó descriptores DeCS/MeSH combinados con operadores booleanos. Se seleccionaron estudios metodológicos, experimentales y revisiones recientes sobre etiquetado covalente, biosensores fluorescentes, tecnologías Reactive Exchange, deconvolución de dianas y bibliotecas moleculares codificadas por ADN. Resultados: Los sistemas SNAP-tag, CLIP-tag y HaloTag permiten el marcaje covalente irreversible de proteínas de fusión en células vivas. Los biosensores FRET cuantifican interacciones moleculares y cambios conformacionales con resolución espaciotemporal, mientras que las tecnologías Reactive Exchange contribuyen al análisis de señalización electrofílica. Las bibliotecas codificadas por ADN amplían el cribado químico mediante síntesis por división y mezcla, selección por afinidad, secuenciación masiva y modelos de aprendizaje automático. Conclusiones: La integración de etiquetado covalente, biosensores fluorescentes, deconvolución proteómica y bibliotecas codificadas incrementa la capacidad de descubrimiento de ligandos y la caracterización mecanística de dianas. Su traslación exige controlar impedimentos estéricos, artefactos de señal, sesgos de selección, falsos positivos, falsos negativos y límites de extrapolación de los modelos computacionales.
Introduction: Users’ perspectives on pharmaceutical services reveal improvement needs that administrative indicators alone cannot capture. This study aimed to describe perceived improvement needs among users of SUS pharmacies and to explore their structure through principal component analysis. Method: A descriptive and exploratory study was conducted among 290 users of primary care pharmacies in Niterói, Brazil. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, a global improvement-needs index was developed, and its internal consistency was assessed using the KR-20 coefficient. Principal component analysis was performed on the phi correlation matrix, with component retention based on eigenvalues greater than 1, the scree plot, and parallel analysis, followed by Varimax rotation Results: Medicine availability was the most frequently reported improvement need (74.1%), followed by the waiting room (52.4%), physical space (41.4%), waiting time (30.3%), quality of care (27.9%), and opening hours (22.1%). The index showed a mean of 2.48 needs, acceptable internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.713), and moderate matrix adequacy (KMO = 0.682; Bartlett p < 0.001). Two components were retained, explaining 61.6% of the variance: service functioning, care experience and access to medicines, and physical infrastructure. Conclusions Medicine availability was the most frequently perceived improvement need. Perceived needs clustered into two components related to service functioning, care experience and access to medicines, on the one hand, and physical infrastructure, on the other. These findings support integrated interventions addressing medicine supply, service organization and the physical conditions of SUS pharmacies.
Introduction: Community pharmacy across Ibero-America is characterized by conceptual, regulatory, and practice-related heterogeneity, which hinders the consistent integration of community pharmacists into healthcare systems. This study aimed to present the Ibero-American Community Pharmacy Decalogue, developed by the Ibero-American Scientific and Professional Society of Community Pharmacy (SOCFIC), and its operationalization as a preliminary tool to assess regional development, identify and prioritize gaps, establish maturity levels, and inform public policies, national action plans, and strategies to strengthen community pharmacy. Method: A methodological development study was conducted in two stages: development and validation of the Decalogue by experts representing 17 Ibero-American countries, followed by its operationalization through a matrix comprising indicators, compliance categories, and progressive maturity levels. Results: The Ibero-American Community Pharmacy Decalogue was developed together with a preliminary evaluation matrix, four maturity levels, and an implementation roadmap designed to support monitoring, cross-country comparison, and the regional strengthening of community pharmacy. Conclusions: The Decalogue and its operationalization provide a shared framework for assessing and monitoring community pharmacy development and for informing policies and strategies aimed at strengthening community pharmacy across Ibero-America.
Introducción: las plantas medicinales han sido pilares fundamentales en el cuidado de la salud. Analizar los estudios previos realizados sobre las diferentes especies vegetales endémicas con propiedades analgésicas y antiinflamatorias. Esto permitirá determinar la cantidad de estudios existentes, describir las especies en detalle e identificar las partes de las plantas que son útiles para tales efectos. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se basó en una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos que exploran las propiedades analgésicas y antiinflamatorias de especies endémicas canarias. La búsqueda de información se realizó en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas y revistas científicas virtuales, incluyendo ScienceDirect, Punto Q, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, ResearchGate, Wiley Online Library, RIULL y Google Académico. Se excluyeron aquellos artículos que no abordaban específicamente el estudio de endemismos con dichas actividades. Resultados y discusión: Se seleccionaron 18 artículos para el análisis, en los cuales se estudiaron trece especies vegetales endémicas de Canarias por su potencial analgésico y antiinflamatorio. Los resultados mostraron que todas las especies evaluadas poseen dichas actividades. De manera destacada, en algunos de los endemismos examinados, la efectividad analgésica superó la de los medicamentos de referencia utilizados en la comparación. Conclusiones: Aunque son limitadas las publicaciones científicas enfocadas en las propiedades analgésicas y antiinflamatorias de las especies vegetales endémicas canarias, los estudios existentes respaldan el uso tradicional y popular de estas especies para fines terapéuticos. Este hecho subraya la relevancia de continuar investigando para aprovechar plenamente su potencial medicinal.
