O agronegocio brasileiro possui grande competitividade internacional, principalmente pelos grandes esforcos historicamente dispendidos pelos institutos publicos de pesquisa e Universidades. No entanto, muito dos avancos obtidos pelo agronegocio brasileiro e decorrente do uso em larga escala de fertilizantes e agroquimicos, que por sua vez tem que ser importados em grandes quantidades para suprir a demanda dos agricultores brasileiros. Neste sentido, a seguranca e a sustentabilidade do agronegocio brasileiro esta ameacada pela susceptibilidade destes insumos aos precos do mercado internacional, alem de estar fundamentado na confianca de entrega destes insumos pelos fornecedores. Em adicao, a sociedade global apresenta uma nova apreensao quanto a necessidade de alcancar produtividades mais elevadas e de uma maneira mais sustentavel, para prover a populacao crescente com alimentos e energia. As relacoes naturais existentes entre as plantas e a microbiota do solo estao no cerne desta questao, uma vez que a quantidade de informacoes cientificas disponibilizadas pela literatura mundial dando suporte ao potencial real de aplicacao destas associacoes em beneficio da producao de alimentos e energia e crescente. A substituicao total do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados pela fixacao biologica de nitrogenio realizada pelos rizobios, nos cultivos de soja realizados no Brasil, corrobora a eficiencia destas associacoes e imprimem a necessidade de expandir os mecanismos relacionados com o suprimento de nutrientes para diferentes culturas nao-leguminosas. Para o alcance destes objetivos, sao necessarios ainda muitos esforcos de pesquisa para um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos que controlam estas interacoes naturais entre plantas e a microbiota associativa, como tambem para o desenvolvimento de formulacoes de biofertilizantes que apresentem uma elevada eficiencia sob uma grande variedade de condicoes edafoclimaticas, como as que ocorrem no Brasil. Algumas abordagens biotecnologicas dirigidas para o alcance destes objetivos sao revisadas e discutidas ao longo desta revisao.
This study aimed to compare several DNA polymerases in order to optimize costs of microsatellite amplification reaction through the PowerPlex®16 BIO System. Three different polymerase brands have been used: (i) Paq5000 DNA Polymerase (Stratagene) and (ii) Platinum® Taq DNA Polymerase (Invitrogen), which have low commercial price; and (iii) Advantage 2 Polymerase Mix (Clontech), a DNA polymerase with high commercial price. Herein, neither samples nor positive control amplified in the reactions carried out with Paq5000 DNA Polymerase. Furthermore, the reactions performed with Platinum® Taq DNA Polymerase showed contrasting results, amplifying alleles only in some samples. On the other hand, the two microsatellite loci used (amelogenin e D18S51) were amplified in the analyses carried out with the Advantage 2 Polymerase Mix. Our findings indicated that the enzymes Paq5000 DNA Polymerase and Platinum® Taq DNA Polymerase have low processing capacity, showing inefficiency in the microsatellite detection; and that Advantage 2 Polymerase Mix is highly effective and suitable for microsatellite amplification assays.
Dengue is an arboviral disease of great clinical relevance among neglected diseases. It is transmitted by Dengue virus (DENV), which infects about 25 million people worldwide each year. So far there is no available licensed vaccine or specific drug to be used against DENV, but only palliative treatments to overcome the symptoms of the disease, considered a serious public health problem. Among the molecular targets verified as strategies for developing antivirals against DENV, we highlight the serine proteasic complex NS2B-NS3pro, essential for the viral maturation and replication. This molecular target is found conserved in all four serotypes, acting in major viral processes. In this context, this study aimed to understand various aspects related to DENV and especially the proteasic complex NS2B-NS3pro as a catalytic mechanism and candidate inhibitors of this pharmacological target applied to dengue.
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana CG432 produced an extracellular lipase on the 7 th day of fermentation in Alves broth containing 0.25% Triton X-100 and Tween 80 surfactants, and 3.0% olive oil at 28°C and 200rpm. Optimal temperature and pH conditions for lipase activity were found to be range from 40 to 60°C and pH 7.5 and 8.0 using 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, verified by a hydrolysis p -nitrophenol palmitate assay. Under these conditions, lipase was 50% stable for approximately 10h, however it was stable for up to 10 days (-18°C), refrigerated (4°C) or kept at room temperature (25°C).
