Birds are an important component of biodiversity and an environmental monitoring species.Regional bird monitoring is conducive to make scientific decision on bird diversity management.Ganzhou is the largest administrative re-gion in Jiangxi Province,but the existing bird data reports are scattered and there is no systematic bird check list.This study aims to collect the list of bird species in Ganzhou by utilizing systematic literatures and field investigation.The re-vised list records a total of 392 species of bird,belonging to 75 families and 20 orders,accounting for 27.1％of the total bird population in China and 68.7％of the total bird population in Jiangxi Province.Among these,six species of birds are newly recorded in Ganzhou,and Hydrobates monorhis is a new bird record in Jiangxi Province.From the perspective of endangered species,10 and 62 birds are listed as national first-class protected species and the second-class protected spe-cies,respectively;18 species are evaluated as threatened species in the red list of China,s vertebrate,and 11 species in In-ternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).Ganzhou has the highest number of insectivorous birds and tree crown nesting birds,accounted for 38.0％and 36.4％of the total number of birds in Ganzhou,respectively.This spe-cies inventory provides basic data for bird research and biodiversity conservation in Ganzhou.The analysis of monitoring gaps in protected areas shows that national nature reserves are hotspot of bird monitoring areas,and most non-national protected areas have less reported bird data.This is not conducive for nature reserve management and bird data sharing.As a consequence,we strongly recommend that effective measures should be taken to assess bird diversity in non-national protected areas to fill the bird monitoring gaps.
In order to explore the relationship between soil macro fauna community characteristics and environmental factors in Mitika Wetland National Nature Reserve,Tibet,in July 2020 and August 2021,three sample plots(100 mX 100 m)were set up in three core areas according to their geographical distribution characteristics,two sample sites were set for each sample plots as repetition.Large soil animals were collected by hand inspection and stored in a 75％alcohol collection tube.A cylindrical ring knife(30 cm in height and 5 cm in diameter)was used to take 0-10 cm soil samples for determination of relevant environmental factors.A total of 336 large soil animals were captured and identified,belong-ing to 3 phyla,5 classes,11 orders and 15 families.The dominant groups were Lithobiidae,Meloidae,and Tenebrioni-dae.Univariate analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in the number of soil macrofauna(F=0.194,P=0.833),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)(F=0.304,P=0.758),Pielou evenness index(E)(F=0.346 P=0.732)and Simpson dominance index(C)(F=0.245,P=0.797)among the three sample plots(P＞0.05).The Jaccard similarity coefficient(J)of the three plots ranged from 0.56 to 0.65,indicating moderate similarity.The functional groups were mainly phytophagous,with the least saprophagous.Pearson correlation analysis showed that:the Pielou evenness index(E)was highly significantly positively correlated with altitude(Alt)and available potassium(RAK),respectively(P＜0.01);the Pielou evenness index(E)was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content(SWC)and total nitrogen(TN),respectively(P＜0.05);the number of individuals(N)was highly significantly negatively correlated with soil salinity(SAL)(P＜0.01).
Penicillin G acylase(PGA)is one of the most widely used and successfully developed enzymes in the field of β-lactam antibiotics in recent decades.In China,along with the large-scale industrialization of β-lactam antibiotics,chemical synthesis methods to enzymatic methods,PGA have been fully developed and applied,and achieved success.Penicillin G acylase is not only used for hydrolysis to prepare 6-APA and 7-ADC A,but also for semisynthetic antibiotics such as ampicillin,cephalexin,amoxicillin,cefradine and cefaclor.This paper reviews the history,gene and protein structure,industrial expression system,industrial evaluation criteria and evolution of penicillin G acylase research and ap-plication in China in the past 15 years.At the same time,the development and application of various mutants of penicillin G acylase in specific pharmaceutical industry fields are also reviewed,aiming to sort out the evolution trend of the struc-ture and performance of penicillin G acylase,its great achievements in the pharmaceutical industry field,and point out the direction for related researchers to delve deeper in this field.
The Hanjiang River is one of the largest tributaries in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Xinji Hy-dropower Station is located in Xiangyang City,Hubei Province,in the middle reaches of the Hanjiang River.The dam site is located in Baimadong,Xiangcheng District.Gucheng Hanjiang National Wetland Park is located in the reservoir ar-ea of the proposed Xinji Hydropower Station,about 32.2 km away from the dam site.After the completion of the power station,the area affected by the water level rise in the wetland park is 349.23 hm2(including 36.84 hm2 in the Zhoutan ar-ea and all other water areas),the area affected by the water level rise in the ecological conservation area is 327.60 hm2,and the area affected by the water level rise in the ecological restoration area is 21.63 hm2.The construction of hydropow-er projects will significantly change the existing hydrological regime of rivers,directly or indirectly affecting the survival of wetland organisms such as fish,resulting in a series of ecological effects.Therefore,an ecological impact assessment of the Gucheng Hanjiang National Wetland Park is needed.Through field investigations,data collection,and indoor experi-mental analysis,the ecological environment status of the assessed area has been basically identified.The degree and mode of impact of project construction on the Gucheng Hanjiang National Wetland Park have been evaluated,and specific measures for reducing ecological impact have been proposed.
Garlic is known for its bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties.Studies have found that garlic is also rich in microorganisms,which play an important role in the efficacy of garlic.The endophytic bacteria of garlic can inhibit the pathogenic microorganisms directly and indirectly,induce the system to produce resistance and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases through the exopolysaccharides or secreted antibiotics and other substances.In this paper,the source of en-dophytes in plants,the isolation,identification and the effects of endophytes in garlic on plant diseases are discussed.At the same time,the application prospect and existing problems of garlic endophytes in plant disease biological control are discussed in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of garlic endophyte resources.
