Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are increasingly deployed in medical and healthcare applications, where stringent reliability and latency are required despite dense device coexistence and unpredictable interference. This paper studies a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme tailored to IEEE 802.15.6ma that integrates forward-error-correction (FEC) with selective retransmissions and applies cyclic-orthogonal Walsh–Hadamard codes (COWHC) as spreading sequences to suppress multiple-access interference (MAI) from asynchronous WBANs. We outline the HARQ procedure, detail the construction and properties of the COWHC set, and evaluate performance by packet-error rate (PER) under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with MAI. The results indicate that, for limited retransmission budgets, HARQ with COWHC yields lower PER than conventional ARQ and maintains orthogonality among concurrently active links, thereby improving reliability without excessive retransmissions.
This study investigates high-accuracy recognition of six degrees of freedom scapular motion for immersive VR flight with minimal user burden. Substantial inter-individual variability was quantified by contrasting a cross-subject model (40.33
This paper presents a biometric authentication framework based on Galvanic Coupling (GC) signals for secure communication in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). Unlike traditional biometric systems that rely on handcrafted features, our approach leverages a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to classify raw GC signals directly, exploiting the subject-specific characteristics of the propagation channel. The system is designed for on-body configurations and integrates a lightweight authentication protocol that operates at the physical layer. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in mitigating both over-the-air and direct contact attacks, achieving high classification accuracy and robustness through confidence-based rejection mechanisms. The solution is optimized for low-resource environments, making it suitable for real-time medical applications.
This paper describes proposed core technologies in physical (PHY) and Medica-Access-Control (MAC) layers to recognize dynamic environment of coexisting multiple Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) wireless Body Area Network (BAN) into a new revision standard IEEE802.15.6ma for dependable BAN. Since an individual BAN is used to be independently operated in practical use cases, recognition of overlaid communication coverage ranges and contentions among packets due to geographical overlay of coexisting BANs are important. We have proposed schemes of communication and ranging between coordinators or hubs of neighboring multiple BANs in the revision standard IEEE802.15.6ma to perform stable synchronization and avoid contention among coexisting multiple UWB-BANs. This paper describes coordinator-to-coordinator (C2C) communication and ranging schemes in PHY and successive procedure in MAC in IEEE802.15.6ma. Their system performance of these cross-layer technologies is investigated in typical channel and environmental models.
Research and development of healthcare IoT, such as health management using wearable sensors, has been actively progressing. The development of these healthcare IoT is supported by the progress of wireless networks and Body Area Network (BAN) technology that enables flexible connections of wearable sensors placed near the human body is a typical example. In this study, SmartBAN on which is a BAN standard specified by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is focused and its coexistence characteristics are evaluated. SmartBAN features a mechanism to change to another channel when channel quality is degraded due to interference. Since SmartBAN usually has multiple nodes connected to one HUB for communication, if the channel condition is not good, it takes time for all nodes to complete the transition to a new channel. As a basic performance analysis, we evaluate the time required for SmartBAN to change channels through simulation.
