Background: Popliteal artery compromise after total knee arthroplasty is rare but potentially limb-threatening. Position-dependent arterial compression may remain undetected when distal perfusion is assessed in only one knee position.Case Presentation: A 73-year-old man underwent primary posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty for severe varus osteoarthritis with a 10° fixed flexion deformity. After wound closure, distal pulses, toe oxygen saturation and Doppler signals were normal in slight knee flexion but deteriorated in full extension.Diagnostic Assessment and Intervention: Dynamic digital subtraction angiography demonstrated extension-dependent compression of the popliteal artery, with improvement of arterial flow in flexion. A 5.5 × 80-mm self-expanding SUPERA stent was deployed across the affected arterial segment, restoring patency and distal perfusion in both flexion and extension.Outcome: Postoperative duplex ultrasonography confirmed stent patency with triphasic flow and no thrombus. At 12-month follow-up, the patient had palpable distal pulses, no symptoms of limb ischaemia, knee motion from 0° to 110°, and a patent popliteal stent.Conclusion: Distal vascular assessment after correction of severe knee deformity should be performed in both flexion and extension. Dynamic angiography allows prompt identification of position-dependent popliteal artery compromise, and timely endovascular treatment may prevent limb-threatening ischaemic complications.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and frequently progresses to kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy. Although serum creatinine, blood urea and estimated glomerular filtration rate are routinely used to assess renal dysfunction, they provide limited information regarding the site and nature of ongoing renal injury. Microscopic examination of urinary sediment is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive investigation that can provide information regarding glomerular and tubular injury and has therefore been described as a “liquid biopsy” of the kidney. Objectives: To evaluate urinary sediment findings in patients with CKD receiving dialysis and to assess their relationship with clinical characteristics and conventional biochemical markers of renal dysfunction. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted a tertiary care cente in South India. During a one-month period in 2019. Fifty patients diagnosed with CKD and receiving dialysis were included. Clinical information and available biochemical parameters, including serum urea and creatinine, were retrieved from the medical records. Urine samples were subjected to microscopic sediment examination for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), epithelial cells, casts, crystals and pus cells. Urinary sediment findings were compared with the available clinical and biochemical characteristics. Results: A total of 50 patients with CKD receiving dialysis were evaluated. Hypertension was present in all patients (100%), diabetes mellitus in 80%, and anaemia in 94%. Five patients (10%) had clinical features suggestive of a nephritic presentation. Elevated serum urea and creatinine were documented in 80% of patients. On urine sediment examination, epithelial cells were identified in 50% of patients, RBCs in 44%, casts in approximately 43%, WBCs in 12%, crystals in 8%, and pus cells in 80%. Among the reported casts, hyaline casts were the predominant type (34%). RBC casts and WBC casts were less frequently encountered. Cholesterol crystals were reported in 2% of the study population. Among patients with diabetes mellitus, RBCs, casts and epithelial cells were reported in 36%, 38% and 42%, respectively. Five patients had clinical features of nephritic syndrome, in whom urinary sediment abnormalities, including RBC casts, were observed. Conclusion: Urine sediment microscopy provides additional morphological information that is not captured by serum urea and creatinine alone. Even among patients with advanced CKD receiving dialysis, formed urinary elements such as RBCs, epithelial cells and casts may provide clues to ongoing glomerular or tubular injury. Urine microscopy is inexpensive, readily available and potentially useful as an adjunct to conventional biochemical assessment. Larger prospective studies incorporating standardized urine microscopy, estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria and renal outcomes are required to establish its diagnostic and prognostic utility in CKD.
Teacher's job satisfaction and teacher morale are important measures of teachers' professional well-being and institutional effectiveness. In this study, the level of teacher morale and job satisfaction of teaching staff of public and private primary schools was examined in the state of Himachal Pradesh. A quantitative comparative research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 120 primary school teachers, comprising 60 teachers from the public school and 60 teachers from the private school was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering selected dimensions of teacher morale and job satisfaction. The analysis of data was conducted by the following methods: frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent sample comparison and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results showed that teachers' morale was higher in the public schools than in the private schools, with the following means: 3.66 compared to 3.42. Job satisfaction also was higher among public school teachers with a mean score of 3.44 than among private school teachers (mean = 3.20). The independent sample comparisons revealed that the difference between the public and private teachers' morale and job satisfaction were significant at the 0.05 level. But Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that there was no significant correlation between teacher morale and job satisfaction. Results indicate that the type of school is an important determinant of teachers' professional experiences. The study recommends that teacher support systems must be enhanced especially in private primary schools to boost teacher morale, job satisfaction and overall education standards.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major global health problem, and insulin remains essential for effective diabetes management. Proper insulin handling, storage, and administration are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Pharmacy students, as future healthcare professionals, should possess adequate knowledge and skills regarding insulin use. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding insulin handling, storage, and administration among pharmacy students in Anantapuramu. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 422 pharmacy students from selected pharmacy colleges in Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, from December 2025 to May 2026. Data were collected using a structured and validated KAP questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study included 55.8% males and 44.2% females. Overall, students demonstrated satisfactory knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices regarding insulin management. Most participants correctly identified storage requirements, administration routes, and risks associated with expired insulin and needle reuse. Positive attitudes toward the pharmacist's role in patient education and proper insulin storage were evident. Conclusion: Pharmacy students exhibited adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and generally good practices regarding insulin handling, storage, and administration. Targeted educational interventions and practical training are recommended to address existing gaps and strengthen competencies in diabetes care.
Artificial Intelligence integrated microfluidics are one of the innovative strategies for new generation biomedicals description. Huge quantities of microfluidic could be manipulated in a very precise manner along with the tests becoming speedy, reduced sample volume and inexpensive. But the diagnostic potential of such systems is often far from optimal given how complex data from which they are derived. AI, and in particular the machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models is facilitating better data interpretation/analysis, automatization for signal/image processing as well as smarter decision making. AI-based microfluidic systems for rapid and accurate diagnosis of metabolic disorders, cancer biomarkers, and infectious diseases have been developed with remarkable performance. What is more, those hybrids systems do improve POC testing with telehealth and real-time surveillance options, even with multiplexed assays. The AI-microfluidics fusion envisages a storming step to the personalized, effective and affordable healthcare in disease diagnostics landscape devastating through but lingering hurdles on normalization, scale-up and translational implementation.
