
Just transition has moved from the sidelines to the core of global climate governance. However, current narratives largely reflect the experiences of developed economies. Mainly focusing on labor compensation and fossil fuel exit, these frameworks fail to address the Global South’s needs for industrialization, energy access, and poverty reduction. To bridge this gap, this study introduces a Development-Decarbonization-Structural Transformation (DDST) Framework. It defines climate just transition as a dynamic process of optimizing development paths under multiple constraints. Setting development as the baseline, decarbonization efficiency as the constraint, and structural transformation as the driver, the model seeks a long-term equilibrium through synergies and trade-offs among the three dimensions. This study shows that priorities vary significantly across various economies of different development stages. Therefore, just transition must shift from a single-target goal to differentiated policy mixes. Based on this, this study proposes a restructuring of international cooperation, which includes reshaping transition narratives, reforming climate finance, removing green trade barriers, and strengthening South-South cooperation. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in moving beyond the “compensatory transition” paradigm. It redefines just transition as a structural strategy that balances development with climate goals. Ultimately, just transition becomes a substantive force in climate governance only when it accommodates the developmental aspirations of the Global South.
郭永怀是中国卓越的力学家、应用数学家,是中国近代力学事业的重要开拓者和组织者之一。他是23位“两弹一星功勋奖章”获得者中唯一一位在导弹、原子弹(氢弹)和人造卫星三大领域都作出重大贡献的科学家。他在发展我国的国防事业方面,在发展空气动力学、气体动力学、爆轰学及新兴的力学学科方面,以及培养科技后继人才方面都作出了杰出贡献。文章回顾了郭永怀的生平和他的学术成就,考察了他对开拓我国力学事业所做的大量工作,研究了他在重大科技攻关项目中作出的杰出贡献。最后,简要探讨了郭永怀作为战略科学家的贡献与影响。
20世纪50年代,国务院制定了《十二年科技规划》和“紧急措施”,电子计算机也从一个科学学科变身“国之重器”。文章回顾了国家决策发展电子计算机的经过和军事科技部门的建立,计算机在从核物理到卫星测控中的作用与贡献。在这类有关国家重大科技工程中,电子计算机的研制、生产和应用得到同步发展,一支有理想、有精神、有能力的计算机队伍迅速成长起来。
从决议重点发展原子能事业到原子弹、氢弹的成功爆炸,中国在此项尖端科技上取得了高效且突出的成就。文章关注新中国成立后中国原子能科研和生产建设队伍的组建和调整,及形成自主体系的过程,尝试梳理原子能事业建制化的历史脉络,探析国家高层和最高科研机构提出的学科规划、国防任务对原子能事业发展的重要影响,并分析以原子能为代表的中国科研事业发展中“举国体制”、学科与产业系统攻关的重要特点。
法国核科技的路线选择是由核能发电的民用技术所决定的。从1955年下半年开始,以法国原子能委员会为主导,在军方的协助下,形成了法国核科技军事应用的主导力量。法国原子能委员会由此成为兼具民用和军用研发功能的“民-军复合体”,并成为法国重要的战略科技力量。法国先后解决了核科技军事研发的主要科学技术问题,并创新性地设计出了外部中子源与效率更高的内爆系统。1960年法国的“蓝色跳鼠”试验是核国家首次核试验中当量最大的。这段历史表明法国走出了一条与美英不同的道路,实现了在核科技领域的自立自强与技术创新。