In the last decade, television and cinema markets have undergone significant production transformations driven by the rise of global streaming platforms. The rapid expansion of Video-on-Demand (VOD) and Over-the-Top (OTT) services has introduced new challenges as media industries seek strategies to secure content and reach increasingly fragmented audiences. This article offers a radiograph of emerging production practices shaped by the evolution of television and the mass adoption of streaming. Within this digital framework, traditional broadcasting patterns are reexamined and reconfigured, revealing new trends that define the contemporary global media landscape.
The study reviews several theoretical and jurisprudential aspects relating to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court of Romania, and the High Court of Cassation and Justice, concerning the right to a fair trial, examined from the perspective of judicial incompatibilities. The right to a fair trial is also analysed via the ECHR and Romanian Constitutional Court jurisprudence, focusing on its general aspects within the framework of constitutional law and the European Convention. The analysis also explores the implications of these regulations for individual rights within the broader European context.
The research highlights the perceived consequences of female students in the Department of Social Work on the manifestation of domestic violence and digital violence against women. The research is based on a qualitative method, the structured interview guide being used. Fifteen individual interviews were collected to better understand whether women integrated into university education are aware of the consequences of violence of any form, but also to identify measures that prevent and combat violence in general. The findings of the research show that respondents delimit the consequences of domestic violence in two areas: the medical part, often encountered in domestic violence, through physical and sexual abuse, and the emotional and emotional part, encountered in the context of digital violence on the area of verbal, emotional, and psychological abuse. Respondents specify that regardless of form, violence is equally serious, with long-term consequences for the victim.
The intermediation agreement is a distinct nominate contract under Romanian law, whereby the intermediary undertakes to connect a client with a third party for the purpose of concluding a contract. Unlike a mandate, the intermediary does not act as a representative and does not participate in the formation of the contract, except where expressly authorized. It also differs from agency, which involves a continuous relationship and the agent’s active role in negotiating or concluding contracts on behalf of the principal. The intermediary’s right to remuneration arises only if the mediated contract is concluded as a result of its activity, being subject to a complex suspensive condition.
Work–life balance represents a fundamental determinant of employees’ optimal functioning, and its effective operationalisation requires the integration of appropriate mechanisms throughout the working day. The study advances an applied conceptual framework regarding work flexibilization in Romania, corresponding to the three principal dimensions of work flexibility, namely: time flexibility, timing flexibility and place flexibility, grounded in an integrative analysis based on legal and doctrinal premises and further enriched by insights derived from relevant studies.
In a world that continues to evolve and transform, where fundamental legal documents—true cornerstones that have guided and shaped fundamental rights—are viewed with suspicion, with some even seeking to have them repealed or denounced, preferring an international society without clear, precise rules accepted by the majority of states and international and regional organizations, the right to learning or the right to education struggles to maintain its place among these rights. In the society based on sustainable development that democratic states—and not only them, but also international and regional organizations, and all of human society—seek to shape, the right to education has its place among the goals of such development. However, an educated individual, an educated nation, or an educated society may not be what rulers desire—rulers who often and very quickly forget the very moment they took office, even those who, through their votes, brought them to power. Imposing their political vision—translated into a governing agenda—through the adoption of relevant legislation becomes such a paramount goal for those in power that the manner in which legislation is adopted and its content are often influenced by genuine discretionary power. This attitude is also reflected in the legislation adopted in the field of education; the discretionary power exercised by government officials in enacting such legislation affects the exercise of the right to education—and perhaps even the very substance of that right—as we will demonstrate in this article.
The present article examines how generative artificial intelligence reshapes the epistemological and ethical foundations of documentary filmmaking. Building on the concept of the documentary “pact” between filmmaker and audience, it argues that AI introduces a qualitative rupture by enabling the production of audiovisual material without an indexical link to reality. To address this shift, the paper proposes a five-level taxonomy of AI interventions, ranging from technical-assistive tools to fully generative, authorial systems. Through comparative case studies, it demonstrates that ethical evaluation cannot rely on binary distinctions between authentic and fabricated content, but must consider degrees of ontological transformation. The article advances the principle of calibrated disclosure, arguing that transparency should scale with the extent of AI intervention, and concludes that maintaining trust in documentary depends on aligning technological practices with clear and context-sensitive ethical communication.
Digital Storytelling (DST) is an innovative educational method, increasingly used in formal and non-formal contexts. The purpose of this article is to review the literature from 2021 to 2026 to assess the role of DST in (1) promoting diversity acceptance, (2) supporting student-centered learning, and (3) developing a sense of belonging. The methodology consisted of a systematic analysis of the studies indexed in international databases. The results highlight the positive impact of DTS on the socio-emotional and cognitive dimensions of students. The conclusions support the integration of this method into educational practice and school counseling.
The article presents the results of research that aimed to measure the balance between the personal and professional life of students from the “Z” generation in order to understand the challenges they face during their educational journey. Currently, a significant number of students divide their time resources between academic requirements, personal life, and in some cases, professional activities carried out part-time or full-time. The choice is influenced by the need to ensure the financial resources necessary for maintenance, the desire to gain experience, or in some cases, for both reasons. The results of the research indicate the influence of the faculty profile on the balance between work and the personal life of students.
The human dignity of Roma/Travellers is closely linked to other fundamental human rights, such as the right to adequate housing and the recognition of property rights in informal settlements, through the legalisation of tenure and the registration of ownership in the land register. In order to prevent ethnic discrimination and the legalisation of beneficial tenure, states have a duty to adopt legislative and administrative measures to support the integration of these social categories, in support of the registration of ownership rights in the land register.
The European Union’s ambition to be carbon-neutral by 2050 has significantly increased demand for critical minerals, particularly from Sub-Saharan Africa, where informal mining is predominant. Although these objectives are based on the EU’s commitment to international law and constitutional principles, their external implications raise profound questions on inclusivity, equity, and global justice. Through a critical legal analysis approach, this article highlights the tensions between the EU's green ambitions and its global distributive justice. It argues that the rigidity and the lesser sensitivity to the social, economic, and institutional fragilities in the EU climate policy measures risk exacerbating structural inequalities and global economic exclusion.
The paper explores the application of the principle of non-discrimination as a general principle of the EU legal order within the evolving topic of digital rights, with a particular focus on access to effective judicial protection for users. The principle of non-discrimination, as a horizontal tool, should guide the interpretation and application of EU law. As it happened during the past decades for rights of works and equal opportunities, gender related, the principle could be used in the field of digital regulation, particularly in securing procedural rights and effective remedies under Article 47 of the Charter.
The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics into the transport sector has ushered in an era of "algorithmic contracting," where automated systems increasingly govern pricing, route optimization, service allocation, and even access to essential mobility services. While promising efficiency, this digital transformation presents a significant challenge to human dignity, inclusion, and non-discrimination. This article examines how these algorithmic practices can inadvertently embed or amplify existing societal biases, leading to new forms of discrimination based on factors such as location, socio-economic status, or perceived risk, thereby undermining individuals' fundamental right to fair and equitable access to transport. Drawing on principles from international human rights law and focusing on the evolving EU legal landscape (including the AI and GDPR Regulation, and anti-discrimination directives), this paper analyses the specific mechanisms through which algorithmic contracting can lead to discriminatory outcomes in transport. It argues that the opaque nature of these automated decisions, coupled with the often-unseen contractual terms they dictate, can erode personal autonomy, restrict participation in society, and diminish human dignity. The abstract highlights the urgent need for robust legal and regulatory interventions, proposing pathways for enhanced transparency, accountability, and effective judicial protection to ensure that the digital evolution of transport fosters, rather than undermines, justice, inclusion, and non-discrimination for all.
This paper aims to present how to adapt social relations, through law, to the digital age, focusing on how to share legal liability, especially tort liability, between content providers and hosting service providers. Human dignity continues to be protected, both through the application of traditional means of law and through detailed regulations at the European level, such as the Digital Services Act.
This paper examines starvation in armed conflict, analysing its dual legal meaning: as an unlawful method of warfare under international humanitarian law (IHL) and as an unlawful consequence of acts of warfare under IHL and international human rights law (IHRL), specifically, concerning the right to food. The paper wants to demonstrate that the obligations under IHL and IHRL regarding starvation are complementary. By employing a systematic interpretation, the paper seeks to ensure legal coherence and to strengthen human dignity in armed conflicts.
The conferral of citizenship constitutes an exclusive prerogative of public authority vested in the Romanian state, exercised under the principle of national sovereignty and in pursuit of the public interest. An individual applying for citizenship does not hold a subjective right in this regard but merely a legal vocation, which is conditional upon the cumulative fulfilment of the requirements established by law. The laws regarding citizenship that will be presented enshrine this approach, integrating provisions aimed at maintaining a balance between the state’s interest in determining the criteria and conditions for acquiring citizenship and the acknowledgment of historical, cultural, or social ties justifying the granting or reacquisition of citizenship.
The adoption of the European Convention for the Protection of the Profession of Lawyer by the Council of Europe marks a significant moment in the consolidation of international guarantees for lawyers. This article aims to analyze how the principle of the dignity of the profession of lawyer is reflected in the content of this Convention. Starting from the theoretical foundations of the notion of professional dignity and comparatively analyzing previous international provisions, but also those of Romanian law, the study highlights how the new Convention transforms dignity from an ethical norm into a binding legal standard for signatory states.
This article compares educational strategies for the inclusion of Roma children in Romania, Spain, and Slovakia, focusing on the role of the school mediator and teaching assistant. In Romania, the school mediator is a key resource, but one that is poorly funded. Slovakia works with teaching assistants and social workers, who, although they have well-defined roles, are few. Spain, on the other hand, stands out for its development of multi-year mediation programs, funded and implemented with the support of public authorities and NGOs. Thus, there is a need for institutional consolidation and more consistent resources to improve access to education for disadvantaged communities.
The present study examines the legal framework governing the implementation of technical surveillance warrants, with a focus on the judicial police officers of the Special Operations Directorate within the Romanian Police. The paper analyzes the legislative basis under the Criminal Procedure Code and relevant special laws, as well as the constitutional and jurisprudential interpretations offered by the Constitutional Court and the High Court of Cassation and Justice. It concludes that the officers of the Special Operations Directorate who execute technical surveillance warrants possess the status of criminal investigation bodies, acting under the supervision and authority of the prosecutor. This interpretation strengthens the procedural guarantees of legality and ensures compliance with constitutional principles regarding criminal investigations.
This article will present the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Open Education Resources (OERs) created in partnership under the TOX-OER project, especially the OERs created for learning environmental quality monitoring, for the development of which the team from Transilvania University of Brasov was responsible.
