Platelet-derived biomaterials are increasingly used in regenerative medicine as bioactive scaffolds capable of modulating cell survival, lineage-associated molecular responses, and tissue repair. Fibrin gels enriched with platelet-derived growth factors represent a promising microenvironment for neural tissue engineering, as they may support neuronal survival and promote neural lineage-associated changes in stem cells. Objective. To evaluate the ability of a platelet-enriched fibrin gel derived from human platelet-rich plasma to function as a bioactive three-dimensional microenvironment supporting survival and morphogenesis of serotonergic neurons and neural lineage-associated changes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Materials and methods. A platelet-enriched fibrin gel matrix was generated from platelet-rich plasma following activation with a silica-based coagulation activator. A platelet-enriched fibrin gel matrix derived from human platelet-rich plasma served as a three-dimensional culture platform for bone marrow-derived MSCs from newborn rats and for primary serotonergic cells isolated from raphe nuclei. Cultures were maintained for up to 14 days. Serotonin production was assessed using ELISA, while expression of genes associated with serotonergic phenotype maintenance (Pet1, Nkx2-2, Tph2, Slc6a4) and neural lineage-associated molecular changes (Nes, Tubb3, Gfap, Olig2) was analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. Raphe-derived cells cultured within the platelet-enriched fibrin gel matrix demonstrated active neurite extension and formation of neuronal networks. Maintenance of a serotonergic phenotype was supported by histochemical detection of serotonin and by persistence of Pet1, Nkx2-2, Tph2, and Slc6a4 expression during the culture period. MSCs cultured within the matrix in the presence of neuroinductive factors (retinoic acid, NGF, and BDNF) exhibited morphological features of neural-like cells and increased expression of early neural (Nes), neuronal (Tubb3), astroglial (Gfap), and oligodendroglial (Olig2) markers compared with control cultures. These findings indicate that platelet-enriched fibrin gel functions as a bioactive three-dimensional microenvironment supporting neuronal survival and neural lineage-associated molecular changes in MSCs and may serve as an in situ bioreactor-like platform for modeling neural regeneration in vitro. Conclusions. The platelet-enriched fibrin gel matrix provided a bioactive three-dimensional microenvironment that supported survival of serotonergic cells and modulated neural marker expression in MSCs under neuroinductive conditions. These findings are consistent with neural lineage-associated molecular responses, although additional quantitative and functional validation is required to confirm mature neural differentiation.
Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis in children is a common pathology associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy, persistent nasal obstruction, and impaired quality of life. Surgical interventions to reduce turbinate volume, such as diode laser and bipolar cautery, are widely used, but postoperative inflammation and mucosal regeneration can be prolonged. Autologous cell therapy represents a promising regenerative approach to accelerate tissue healing. Objective – to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative autologous mononuclear cell therapy in the rehabilitation of children with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis following surgical treatment. Methods. The study was prospective, interventional, and comparative, conducted on a group of 40 children aged 7 to 17 years diagnosed with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Patients were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): diode laser (DL), diode laser + cell therapy (DL+CT), bipolar cautery (BC), and bipolar cautery + cell therapy (BC+CT). Cell therapy consisted of the postoperative local administration of a suspension of autologous mononuclear cells obtained from peripheral blood. The evaluation included the NOSE symptom score, rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry and endoscopic examination. The follow-up period was 24 months. Results. All groups showed postoperative clinical improvement. The cell therapy groups demonstrated a significantly faster and more stable reduction in symptoms, with a decrease in the NOSE score to 14 ± 4 in the DL+CT group at 24 months, compared to 30 ± 6 in DL and 36 ± 7 in BC. Nasal resistance decreased more sharply in the cell therapy groups, and the incidence of persistent edema, crusting and relapses was lower. Conclusions. Autologous cell therapy applied postoperatively accelerates the regeneration of the nasal mucosa and improves functional outcomes in children with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, with maximum efficiency in combination with diode laser. Keywords: chronic hypertrophic rhinitis; cell therapy; nasal turbinates; diode lase
The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of regenerative dentistry, which is gradually moving from traditional restoration methods to biological restoration of dental tissues based on genetic engineering, cell technologies and precision medicine. The purpose of this review was to summarize and critically analyze modern literary sources on the role of genetic engineering in stimulating tooth growth and restoration, as well as to determine the prospects for its implementation in clinical dental practice. Materials and methods included a systematic search and analysis of scientific publications in international databases using keywords covering gene engineering, CRISPR/Cas, stem cells, tooth regeneration and oncological aspects of dentistry. The selected sources were analyzed taking into account their scientific novelty, relevance and level of evidence.The results were summarized by thematic areas, which included genome editing, cell therapy, dental bioengineering and the use of CRISPR in tumor research. Results. The analysis of results of published studies indicates that genome editing technologies, in particular CRISPR/Cas, significantly expand the capabilities of regenerative dentistry. It has been established that genetically modified dental stem cells demonstrate an increased ability to odontogenic differentiation and dentin formation.Separate studies confirm the possibility of creating tooth-like structures in vitro using cell cultures, biomaterials and 3D technologies.It has also been shown that CRISPR screenings allow the identification of new molecular targets and mechanisms of tumor resistance, which is important for the development of precision dentistry and oncology.At the same time, most of the research is at the preclinical stage, and the implementation of these technologies in practice is limited by technical, biological and ethical factors. Conclusions. An analysis of modern literary sources showed that genetic engineering is a promising direction in the development of modern dentistry, capable of changing approaches to the treatment of tooth loss and oral diseases.Further research should be aimed at improving methods for delivering genetic material, increasing the accuracy of genome editing, and ensuring the safety of clinical application.
The healing of chronic wounds, particularly diabetic ulcers and burns, remains a complex clinical challenge due to prolonged inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and disruptions in the normal interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), particularly those isolated from adipose tissue, demonstrate significant therapeutic potential due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties. However, their direct injection into a wound is ineffective due to low cell survival in the inflammatory environment and rapid washout. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize current advances in optimizing the delivery of MSCs to chronic wounds, specifically to evaluate the use of hydrogel scaffolds and 3D bioprinting technologies to ensure cell viability and maximize their regenerative potential. Materials and methods. The narrative review is based on an analysis of in vitro and in vivo research results. The use of hydrogels based on natural polymers (alginate, collagen, hyaluronic acid) as scaffolds for MSCs isolated from adipose tissue was evaluated. The application of 3D bioprinting technologies was also considered for the creation of three-dimensional biocompatible structures. Results. The analysis revealed that 3D polymer networks effectively mimic the extracellular matrix and protect cells from the effects of reactive oxygen species. The application of encapsulated MSCs in a hydrogel matrix ensures a stable and sustained release of bioactive substances. A clear tendency towards a significant acceleration of epithelialization processes, stimulation of angiogenesis, and increased collagen deposition in the wound was observed compared to direct cell delivery methods. Conclusions. The utilization of hydrogels and 3D bioprinting technologies for the encapsulation of MSCs is a promising strategy that overcomes the problem of low cell viability. Such scaffolds support cell proliferation and differentiation, facilitating rapid and complete tissue regeneration with minimal scarring.
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the use of stem cells and other biotechnological products aimed at enhancing tendon and tendon-bone junction repair and regeneration. Aim. To compare the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet cryolysate in patients with partial rotator cuff tears of the shoulder. Materials and methods. This study analyzed clinical outcomes of regenerative injection therapy in 73 patients with shoulder joint pathology associated with partial rotator cuff tears. Depending on the type of biotechnological product used, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 29) received intra-articular injection of leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP), and Group 2 (n = 44) – platelet cryolysate. Diagnosis and confirmation of rotator cuff pathology were based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound guidance was used for the injection of the biotechnological products. Clinical outcomes and quality of life were assessed using the UCLA Shoulder Score, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Evaluations were performed before treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Results. The analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in function and pain reduction as early as 3 months after treatment with autologous platelet concentrates (platelet cryolysate and LP-PRP) in patients with partial rotator cuff tears (p < 0.05) according to the UCLA, OSS, and VAS scales. At 12 months, clinical outcomes were significantly better in the group treated with regenerative injection therapy using platelet cryolysate compared with the LP-PRP group, as reflected by UCLA, OSS, and VAS scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Platelet cryolysate demonstrated advantages over leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma in terms of long-term pain relief and functional recovery of the shoulder joint over a 12-month follow-up period after treatment.
