Manipulation of flow and flow control by way of flow control devices is vital in enhancement of aerodynamic efficiency. Passive flow control devices are widely used in aerodynamic systems for their efficiency and cost effectiveness. Three airfoils are used in this study, the Clark-Y airfoil, NACA 2410 airfoil and the NACA 6412 airfoil. Each airfoil has a span of 0.98m and chord length of 0.3m. This research study incorporates a cylindrical trailing edge with length equal to the wingspan of the airfoil and radius 0.025c onto each airfoil. The aerodynamic performances of each airfoil in comparison with each other are obtained. Ansys software is used for the entirety of this study with lift and drag coefficients monitored through 0°, 6°, 12° and 18° angles of attack. A rectangular domain is generated around the airfoil extending 2c above and below the airfoil, domain inlet and outlet are positioned -1.3c and 10.3c from the leading-edge of the airfoil respectively and domain width equal to the span of the airfoil. The transition SST (four-equation) model is utilized for each CFD simulation with a constant inlet velocity 1.76 m/s, a y+ value 7.9×10-5 m and polyhedral meshing for the rectangular domain. The numerical investigation indicates highest percentage increase in lift coefficient for the NACA 6412 airfoil by 29.7%, 25.67%, 16.8% and 17.63% at 0°, 6°, 12°and 18° angles of attack respectively.
Coal mining and its utilization are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, adversely affecting climate change and human health, particularly in areas proximate to power generation facilities. The transition to renewable energy sources, such as wind power, is a crucial solution, especially in Eastern Indonesia, which possesses substantial wind potential. The design of wind turbine blades (airfoil) plays a key role in determining energy generation efficiency. This study evaluates the aerodynamic performance of several airfoil profiles such as SG6043, NACA44112, E231, S1210 and SD2030, selected for high lift-to-drag ratio values. The study involved Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using ANSYS Fluent, employing a rotating reference frame and meticulous mesh generation. Based on simulation results, the airfoil profile yielding the highest torque was selected for blade manufacturing via 3D printing. Power coefficient (Cp) calculations revealed that SD2030 blades outperform SG6043 blades, achieving Cp values of 0.3764, 0.5298 and 0.6508, compared to the 0.1194, 0.4157 and 0.4776 for SG6043. Additionally, SD2030 blades demonstrated higher efficiencies of 22.31%, 31.4% and 39.83%, respectively, over the 11.5%, 24.64% and 28.3% achieved by SG6043 blades. These results indicate that SD2030 blades demonstrate superior efficacy in extracting wind kinetic energy. Furthermore, a developed remote monitoring system enables effective real-time tracking of turbine performance, thereby enhancing operational oversight.
Increased performance and rapid miniaturization in the electronics industry demand high power dissipation in electronic systems. Therefore, researchers tend to investigate novel heat transfer enhancement methods to achieve the required cooling capacity. The present study performs a comparative hydrothermal performance analysis of innovative Curved Plate Fin Heat Sink (CPFHS) and Straight Plate Fin Heat Sink (SPFHS) with and without crosscut configurations under forced air-cooling conditions, considering SPFHS without any crosscuts as the reference model. The numerical study is conducted using ANSYS FLUENT CFD software, utilizing the k-ε turbulence model. Results indicate that the inclusion of crosscuts in CPFHS leads to a higher enhancement in the Nusselt number, compared to SPFHS. As compared with the SPFHS, Nusselt number enhancement of 16% and 6.8 %, pressure drop increment of 31.3% and 12% and hydrothermal performance factor (HTPF) enhancement of 6% and 3% are recorded for curved crosscut plate-fin heat sink with 8 crosscuts (CCPFHS-8) and straight crosscut plate-fin heat sink with 8 crosscuts (SCPFHS-8), respectively. Based on these findings, CCPFHS-8 is recommended as the optimum heat sink configuration, with a maximum reduction of 2.95K in the base temperature as compared to the SPFHS, out of all the configurations tested in this study. Application of CCPFHS-8 for cooling purposes may lead to the reduced failure rate of electronic components, due to reduction in component temperature.
Toroidal propeller comprising circular blades is gaining significant attention due to higher efficiency; lower noise levels and other advantages compared to the current propeller models. However, scientific publications on toroidal propeller is still limited, as the majority rely only on field experiments. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the performance of toroidal and conventional propeller to determine the improvement produced by toroidal propeller. The geometric parameters used to model the conventional propeller to resemble the toroidal included propeller diameter, number of leaves, hub diameter and blade front view. The pitch geometric parameter on the conventional propeller was varied to determine whether its efficiency would be similar to the toroidal propeller. In this study, each propeller model was simulated at 1000 - 6000 RPM using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation with Simscale software. This CFD simulation produced thrust and torque values which were calculated to obtain efficiency values. The results showed that thrust and torque values on the propeller increased along with high pitch and RPM. In terms of efficiency, a variation of the conventional propeller with a pitch of 171.45 mm produced higher efficiency values compared to the toroidal propeller, but had low thrust. Furthermore, visualization of fluid flow on each model showed that the best flow was shown by toroidal propeller without vorticity. These results provided valuable information on toroidal propeller and contributed to the further development of the technology design.
Monsoon floods in northern Malaysia pose severe risks to communities and infrastructure. Conventional runoff models often rely on empirical assumptions and fail to capture complex three-dimensional flow dynamics. This study aims to develop a more accurate predictive tool by combining physics-based simulation with data-driven learning. Using measured water levels and velocities, we applied a three-dimensional fluid flow model (governed by Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations) to simulate flood events at two river crossings (Sidam and Jeniang). A calibration factor was computed to align simulated and observed discharges. A neural network (long short-term memory, LSTM) was then trained on historical flow data to improve the prediction of discharge rates. Results show that the calibrated CFD model matched observations closely (coefficient of determination > 0.97) and reduced mean absolute error by 43%. Integrating the LSTM further improved accuracy, outperforming standard regression models. These findings demonstrate that coupled CFD machine learning models can robustly predict river discharge and support adaptive flood management in tropical basins.
