Significance of the study Precision drug delivery in biological microvasculature remains a critical challenge in nanomedicine, where controlling heat and mass transfer through non-Newtonian nanofluid flows offers transformative potential for the development of smart, heat-activated therapeutic systems. Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate the electroosmotic peristaltic flow of a Casson-based Tetra-hybrid nanofluid through biological microchannels, examining how electroosmotic forces, magnetic fields, Joule heating, and laser irradiation collectively modulate nanoparticle transport and drug release efficiency. Research methodology: A multi-physics computational framework integrating AI-neural networks with electrokinetic analysis is employed, incorporating viscous dissipation, nonlinear mixed convection with the governing nonlinear partial differential equations solved numerically using Mathematica 13.2's NDSolve command. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that electroosmotic forces significantly enhance nanoparticle transport efficiency during peristaltic motion mapping identifies critical zones of thermal and viscous energy dissipation, and the Tetra-hybrid nanofluid configuration exhibits superior thermal management performance compared to Mono- and Tri-hybrid alternatives. Furthermore, the combined laser irradiation and Joule heating effects confirm the feasibility of controlled, heat-triggered drug release, establishing this framework as a viable computational strategy for designing intelligent, non-invasive nano-bio therapeutic systems.
The equivalence ratio (ER) plays a critical role in governing fuel combustion and combustion stability. However, its influence on the evolution of flame-flow-acoustic coupling under high-enthalpy conditions remains inadequately understood. This study investigates the combustion process in a supersonic combustor under varying equivalence ratios using experiments conducted in a ground-connected pulse-combustion wind tunnel. High-speed optical imaging and synchronized multi-point wall pressure measurements were employed to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of flame oscillations. Modal decomposition and other analytical methods were utilized to identify the primary mechanisms driving combustion oscillations. Results revealed that, across all tested equivalence ratios, combustion oscillations were predominantly influenced by flow-induced mechanisms governing flame upstream propagation and downstream retreat. The dominant oscillation frequency decreased as the equivalence ratio increased, ranging from 228 Hz to 82 Hz. Additionally, as the equivalence ratio rose, the combustion oscillation mechanism became increasingly dominated by acoustic effects, accompanied by a notable enhancement in oscillation energy. Quantitative analysis using the Rayleigh index demonstrated a progressive strengthening of thermoacoustic feedback with increasing equivalence ratio. This study provides quantitative insights into how equivalence ratio affects combustion oscillation modes, frequency shifts, and the intensity of thermoacoustic coupling under high-enthalpy supersonic combustion conditions. These findings are crucial for designing combustion stability margins in scramjet engines, thereby contributing to the advancement of hypersonic vehicle technology.
This study used an extended modified Sardar-sub equation method (EMSSEA) to examine the optical soliton solutions of the truncated time M-fractional paraxial wave model (PWM) that was missing in the literature. To encourage the fractional order, we employed the truncated-time M-fractional derivative. The few optical wave examples of the paraxial wave condition can be crucial in illuminating the elements of optical soliton arrangements in optics and photonics for the study of different real cycles, such as the production of light through optical frameworks like focal points, mirrors, and fibre optics. Using some free parameters related to the shape of hyperbolic functions, we determined the solutions. For the numerical values of the free parameters, we found a unique soliton solution, bell wave, bright and dark-kink wave, and periodic wave. We used MATHEMATICA 11.0 to provide a physical explanation of the solutions obtained to illustrate the behaviour of different solutions. The presented approach is essential and reliable as a smart optical soliton for nonlinear partial differential equations in nonlinear optics, fiber optics, and communication systems.
This research examines the rotating magneto-peristaltic flow of Williamson shear-thinning fluids within a porous asymmetric tapered channel, while accounting for the impacts of coupled cross-diffusion phenomena. This study integrates prior studies focused on specific transport mechanisms through a unified analytical framework. We derive closed-form solutions for the distributions of velocity, pressure, temperature, and solute concentration by employing lubrication approximation and an asymptotic perturbation expansion in low Reynolds number and long-wavelength circumstances. Computational findings indicate that an elevated Hartmann number causes a reduction in flow velocity by 15%–35%, attributed to the electromagnetic Lorentz resistance. Conversely, an increased Hall effect parameter and Darcy number contribute to a flow enhancement of 10%–20% through improved electromagnetic coupling and higher permeability of the porous material. A rise in the Weissenberg number enhances viscoelastic stress relaxation, resulting in intensification in velocity and a reduction in pressure gradient by approximately 18%–28%. The rise in temperature is ascribed to magnetic damping (Joule heating) and shear-induced viscous dissipation, in addition to cross-diffusion coupling between thermal and concentration fields. The main innovation involves the incorporation of Williamson non-Newtonian behavior, Hall-effect-modulated magnetohydrodynamic forcing, resistive heating, and rotation-induced Coriolis effects within complex geometrically designed porous asymmetric channels-phenomena that have previously been examined separately in earlier research. This analysis identifies distinct transitions in pumping zones and interrelated thermal-mass transport mechanisms that have not been previously recorded in the literature. Applications encompass biomedical peristaltic delivery systems, magnetically actuated microfluidic devices, and thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic conversion units. Analytical solutions facilitate effective sensitivity analysis and optimization in engineering design, necessitating limited computational resources.
The present investigation presents a detailed qualitative computational analysis of the flow and thermodynamic behaviour of a Ternary-Hybrid-NanoFluid (THNF). The THNF, a mixture of water (the base fluid) with three types of nanoparticles, namely; Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2); Silver (Ag); and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is assumed to have temperature dependent viscosity. The flow of the THNF is confined within a long horizontal microchannel and hence is assumed to be fully developed in the axial flow direction. The walls of the microchannel are assumed to be permeable, allowing for injection/suction flow in the vertical upward direction. Additionally, the microchannel is packed with a porous medium. The flow within the microchannel is subjected to a transverse magnetic field, thermal radiation, and exothermic reactions. A robust and efficient Semi-Implicit Finite Difference Algorithm (SIFDA) with demonstrable mesh-size and timestep-size convergence is employed to solve the resultant coupled system nonlinear governing equations in non-dimensional form. Qualitative results are given with respect to the dependence of solutions on the embedded dimensionless fluid-dynamical and thermophysical parameters. The main qualitative insights from the results include the following. THNFs offer better mitigation against the thermal runaway phenomena than either hybrid nanofluids or ordinary nanofluids. Both the flow velocity and THNF temperature decrease with increasing magnetic field strength. Similarly, both the flow velocity and THNF temperature decrease with increasing porous medium strength. The behaviour of the entropy generation at the walls with regards to variations in magnetic field and porous media strength mirrors that of the flow velocity and fluid temperature, specifically, the entropy generation decreases at the walls with increasing magnetic field strength or with increasing porous medium strength. In general, the qualitative behaviour of the flow velocity mirrors that of the THNF temperature, they either both increase or both decrease in response to increases in the values of the embedded parameters. The qualitative behaviour of the wall shear stress (and hence also of the entropy at the wall) mirrors that of the flow velocity. Similarly, the qualitative behaviour of the wall heat transfer rate (and hence also of the entropy at the wall) mirrors that of the THNF temperature.
