Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of varicella attenuated live vaccine administered at different time intervals in Chinese children aged 7-12 years. Methods: This study was conducted in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, from October 2024 to October 2025 using an open-label design. Children aged 7 to 12 who had received the initial immunization of the attenuated live varicella vaccine were recruited as the research subjects. They were divided into 4 groups based on the time interval from primary immunization to booster immunization (3, 18, 36 and 60 months groups). The estimated sample size was 400 (100 in each group).Venous blood samples were collected before booster vaccination and 30 days after vaccination. Serum varicella antibodies were detected by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen assay. Geometric mean titer (GMT), geometric mean increase, seropositivity rate and seroconversion rate were calculated to evaluate the booster immune response. Adverse reactions within 30 days after vaccination were observed. Results: At 3, 18, 36, and 60 months post-primary immunization, seropositivity rates remained at high levels (92.05%-94.87%), while GMTs showed a significant declining trend (27.03, 21.59, 18.29, and 14.33, respectively, P<0.001). Following the booster dose at 3, 18, 36, and 60 months, GMTs in all groups increased significantly to 87.35, 113.55, 141.80, and 129.01, the antibody levels increased by 3.23, 5.26, 7.75 and 9.00 times respectively compared with those before the booster immunization (P<0.001). Seroconversion rates were 60.26%, 71.60%, 77.27%, and 65.91%, respectively (P>0.05), and the seropositivity rate reached 100% in all groups. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 0.73%, with no serious adverse events observed. Conclusions: The live attenuated varicella vaccine demonstrates favorable immunogenicity and safety when administered as a booster dose to children aged 7-12 years. A booster inoculation given 36-48 months following primary immunization elicits a more robust antibody response. These findings provide reference evidence to support the implementation of a two-dose varicella vaccination strategy and to determine the optimal timing for booster vaccination among school-aged children in China.
Objective: To explore the relationship between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the risk of chronic complications in adults in 11 provinces of China, and to evaluate its value in predicting the risk of diabetic complications. Methods: A total of 3 466 patients with type 2 diabetes from 60 monitoring sites across 11 provinces in China, with an average follow-up of 6.34 years, were included in this study. Patients were grouped into WHtR quartiles, and unconditional multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between WHtR and the risk of chronic diabetic complications. Results: Among the 3 466 patients, 267 developed microvascular complications, 425 developed macrovascular complications, and 75 developed diabetic foot. After adjusting for confounding factors and using patients with WHtR <0.45 as the reference group, patients with WHtR ≥0.55 had a 1.36-fold increased risk of developing microvascular complications (OR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.11-5.05), and a 4.36-fold increased risk of developing diabetic foot (OR=5.36, 95%CI: 1.16-24.88). At the same time, there was no significant difference in the risk of macrovascular complications. Conclusion: WHtR ≥0.55 increases the risk of microvascular complications and diabetic foot in patients with diabetes, and can serve as a simple screening indicator for the early detection and intervention of chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The digital information environment has deeply integrated into the learning, living, and social scenarios of children and adolescents, and has had a profound impact on their physical and mental health. This article systematically reviews research from both domestic and international sources, clarifies the connotations and characteristics of the digital information environment, and analyzes its multi-dimensional impacts on the health of children and adolescents from four domains:physical health, mental health, cognitive function, and social adaptation. It also analyzes the internal mechanisms and key regulatory factors to provide a scientific basis for promoting the health of children and adolescents in the digital era.
Objective: To investigate the burden of endometriosis (EMs)-related and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related infertility among women aged 15-49 years in China and globally, and to project trends over the next 15 years. Methods: Data were sourced from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Disease burden indicators, including the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized years lived with disability rate (ASYR) for EMs- and PCOS-related infertility, were calculated and analyzed among women aged 15-49 years in China and globally. Linear regression models and Joinpoint regression analysis were used to further analyze the trend changes in disease burden in China and globally. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was employed to predict disease trends over the next 15 years. Results: From 1990 to 2021, ASPR and ASYR of EMs-related infertility among women aged 15-49 years in China and globally showed a declining trend. The ASPR of EMs-related infertility declined faster in China than globally, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.42% in China and -0.95% globally. By 2021, the ASPR and ASYR for EMs-related infertility in Chinese women aged 15-49 years were lower than the global average and those of all sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. In 2021, the highest ASPR and ASYR were observed in Chinese women aged 40-44 years, while globally, the highest rates were in the 25-29 age group. From 1990 to 2021, the ASPR and ASYR of PCOS-related infertility among women aged 15-49 years showed an increasing trend in both China and globally. The increase in ASPR among Chinese women aged 15-49 years was significantly higher than the global average and that of all SDI regions, with an AAPC of 1.93% in China and 0.99% globally. In 2021, the highest ASPR for PCOS-related infertility in China was observed in women aged 25-29 years, while the fastest increases in ASPR and ASYR both globally and in China occurred in women aged 20-24 years. The BAPC model predicts that by 2036, the ASPR and ASYR of EMs-related infertility among women aged 15-49 years will decrease to 32.98 per 100 000 and 0.21 per 100 000 in China, and to 55.57 per 100 000 and 0.33 per 100 000 globally, respectively. In contrast, the ASPR and ASYR of PCOS-related infertility among women aged 15-49 years will increase to 620.39 per 100 000 and 3.46 per 100 000 in China, and to 774.34 per 100 000 and 4.45 per 100 000 globally, respectively. Conclusions: The ASPR and ASYR for EMs-related infertility among women aged 15-49 years are declining in China and globally, with China's burden lower than the global average, and this trend is expected to continue over the next 15 years. In contrast, the ASPR and ASYR for PCOS-related infertility among women aged 15-49 years are increasing persistently, with a faster increase in China than globally and across all SDI regions. This indicates that PCOS has become a key priority for the prevention and management of infertility among women aged 15-49 years in China, with particular attention needed for women aged 20-29 years, and underscoring the need for targeted interventions addressing age-specific and socioeconomic disparities.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of anxiety and depression among adolescents in Jinan, and to explore the relationship between their life behavior patterns and the two, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies and measures to reduce the incidence of anxiety and depression among adolescents. Methods: The study adopted a stratified cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey among middle school students in Jinan from September to November 2023. Cluster analysis method was used to reveal the common characteristics of adolescents with anxiety, depression and both, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between different demographic characteristics, different life behavior patterns and anxiety and depression. Results: A total of 13 171 middle school students were surveyed in this study, of which 25.78%, 15.88% and 13.09% were having anxious, depressed and experiencing both emotions, respectively. After controlling for other variables, female, students with <8 hours of sleep per day and internet addiction were more likely to experience anxiety, while ≤2 hours of video screen time per day was a protective factor for anxiety (OR=0.568, 95%CI: 0.512-0.632). In the depression group, the risk of depression among female students, urban students, students with <3 days of exercise per week, students with <8 hours of sleep per day, and students with internet addiction was 1.349, 1.140, 1.157, 2.962, and 4.977 times higher than that of the control group, respectively. Video screen time ≤2 hours per day was also a protective factor for depression (OR=0.528, 95%CI: 0.468-0.595). Furthermore, the risk of anxiety, depression and comorbidity of anxiety and depression among students in the high video screen time pattern was 2.368, 2.722 and 2.830 times higher than that in the high exercise frequency pattern, respectively. Conclusions: Female students, students with <8 hours of sleep per day and internet addiction were the common risk factors of anxiety and depression. Urban students and students with <3 days of exercise per week increased the risk of depression. High video screen time increased the risks of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity, while video screen time ≤2 hours per day exerted a protective effect. It is recommended that prevention and control interventions among adolescents focus on reducing video screen time, increasing physical activity, and ensuring adequate sleep.
