ABSTRACT We study a planar Coulomb gas confined to a sufficiently smooth Jordan arc in the complex plane, at inverse temperature . Let be the normalized partition function, where is the capacity of , the entropy of the logarithmic equilibrium measure on , and . We compute the free energy as the number of particles tends to infinity, including the constant term: Here is an explicit Selberg integral, is half the Loewner energy of a certain Jordan curve associated to plus a term corresponding to the endpoints of the arc, and is the Fekete energy, related to the zero temperature limit of the model. We also prove an asymptotic formula for the Laplace transform of linear statistics for sufficiently regular test functions. As a consequence, the centered empirical measure converges to a Gaussian field with explicit asymptotic mean, and asymptotic variance given by the Dirichlet energy of the bounded harmonic extension of the test function outside of the arc. A key tool in our analysis is the arc‐Grunsky operator associated to , reminiscent of but different from the classical Grunsky operator. We derive several basic properties of the arc‐Grunsky operator, including an estimate analogous to the strengthened Grunsky inequality and the relation to the Dirichlet integral. In our proofs arises from the Fredholm determinant and a substantial part of the paper is devoted to relating this to the Loewner energy.
ABSTRACT Let be a bounded Lipschitz domain. For any we show that for any Dirichlet eigenvalue , it holds, where, is given explicitly. This reduces the ‐loss version of Pólya's conjecture to a computational problem. This estimate is based on quantitative estimates on the remainder of the Weyl law with explicit constants, which we give a new proof without using Neumann eigenvalues. Our arguments in deriving such uniform estimates yield also, in all dimensions , classes of domains that may even have rather irregular shapes or boundaries but satisfy Pólya's conjecture. Another key observation is that on strip‐tiling domains (and therefore any triangles for instance) one actually has better eigenvalue estimates than Pólya conjectured.
We prove that the Yang-Mills (YM) measure for the trivial principal bundle over the two-dimensional torus, with any connected, compact structure group, is invariant for the associated renormalised Langevin dynamic. Our argument relies on a combination of regularity structures, lattice gauge-fixing and Bourgain's method for invariant measures. Several corollaries are presented including a gauge-fixed decomposition of the YM measure into a Gaussian free field and an almost Lipschitz remainder, and a proof of universality for the YM measure that we derive from a universality for the Langevin dynamic for a wide class of discrete approximations. The latter includes standard lattice gauge theories associated to Wilson, Villain and Manton actions. An important step in the argument, which is of independent interest, is a proof of uniqueness for the mass renormalisation of the gauge-covariant continuum Langevin dynamic, which allows us to identify the limit of discrete approximations. This latter result relies on Euler estimates for singular SPDEs and for Young ODEs arising from Wilson loops.
This paper is devoted to the quantitative homogenization of multiscale elliptic operator , where , , and . We assume that is 1-periodic in each and real analytic. Classically, the method of reiterated homogenization has been applied to study this multiscale elliptic operator, which leads to a convergence rate limited by the ratios . In the present paper, under the assumption of real analytic coefficients, we introduce the so-called multiscale correctors and more accurate effective operators, and improve the ratio part of the convergence rate to . This convergence rate is optimal in the sense that cannot be replaced by a larger constant. As a byproduct, the uniform Lipschitz estimate is established under a mild double-log scale-separation condition.
We verify the existence of full replica symmetry breaking (FRSB) for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model and determine the structure of its Parisi measure slightly beyond the high temperature regime. More specifically, we prove that the support of the Parisi measure for the SK model consists of an interval starting at the origin slightly beyond the high temperature regime.
