"At present some 700,000 foreigners (almost 9% of the total population) are living in Austria, about 280,000 of which are in the labor market. A representative sample of Austrians between 20 and 54 years [of age] were asked about their attitudes toward foreign population and migration policy." The findings indicate that various degrees of higher tolerance were correlated with being young, male, urban, living in a province with a high foreign population, and high socioeconomic status. "Stepping up the integration of the foreign population...is supported by a minority of Austrians only; as for the education of the children of immigrants, the Austrian attitude is a more generous one." (EXCERPT)
"The Austrian population is presently in the middle of its age structure transition which started with World War I and will continue until the 40s of the next century. Within this time period the number of people aged 60 years or over will increase from about half a million to 2.8 million (1995: 1.6 million) and the share of the elderly will mount from about 9 percent to more than 35 percent (1995: 20 percent). The present article points out the demographic causes for population aging asking whether high fertility and/or high numbers of migrants can stop the aging process. Different measurements of demographic aging in Austria (share of various age groups, mean age and median age, dependency ratios, several aging indices) are calculated for the time period 1869 to 2050. Special attention is paid to regional differences within Austria and to changes of the sex ratio at older ages over time." (EXCERPT)
"This paper presents selected results from the analysis of socioeconomic differentials in the mortality of the adult Austrian population.... Results suggest that mortality increases with decreasing educational attainment levels. Differential mortality is highest in the age interval of 35 to 49 years.... Educational differences are higher in non-elderly men than in non-elderly women.... Educational differentials are found both with respect to total mortality and specific causes of death.... Differences in mortality are also found between occupational groups, according to family status or motherhood in the case of women. In this paper, special attention has been given to non-linearities in the mortality of socioeconomic and socio-demographic groups." (EXCERPT)
"This is the result of an interdisciplinary study on emigration from Austria. Before the early 19th century, migratory movements were...in large part politically and religiously motivated. Between 1876 and 1910, due to economic changes and disparities, some 5 million people (i.e. about 10% of the population) left the Austro-Hungarian [Empire], the vast majority...heading overseas. Until the outbreak of World War I, emigration continued to increase, becoming a political means for containing the economic crisis and unemployment between the wars. Following the political unrest of 1934, several thousand political activists had to leave the country. After the "Anschluss" the systematic expulsion of the Jewish population set in. After World War II emigration went up again, the Austrians' main immigration countries being Germany and Switzerland, while the classical immigration countries (USA, Canada) received [fewer and fewer] Austrian citizens." (EXCERPT)
"Worldwide annual remittances...by migrant workers to their home countries amount to some 70 billion U.S. dollars, exceeded by oil export earnings only.... The amount of remittances depends on the income of both the migrants and their family members.... Remittances meant for investment at home are determined by interest rates, foreign exchange regulations, exchange rates, monetary stability etc. in the immigration and emigration countries. Home remittances and saving habits of emigrants also depend on whether or not they expect to return to their home countries and the prospects of family reunification, all of which is directly linked to the (immigration) policy and economic conditions of both the countries of origin and residence." The factors influencing remittances flowing into and out of Austria are analyzed using data from the Austrian National Bank. (EXCERPT)
