This study reports the fabrication and characterization of chitosan (Cs)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanocomposite films containing 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 wt
Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis is perpetuated by a self-sustaining oxidative stress-immunodysregulation circuit. To address the limitations of conventional antioxidants, including unclear catalytic structures and single catalytic activity, we engineered copper single-atom carbon dots via topological transformation of sodium copper chlorophyllin. Encapsulated within a pH-responsive injectable hydrogel, this system achieves targeted delivery to inflamed joints, where it simultaneously scavenges superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, breaking the reactive oxygen species-inflammation cycle. Treatment reprograms macrophage polarization, suppresses pathogenic B-cell infiltration, and mitigates cartilage erosion. By integrating nature-inspired atomic catalysis with intelligent biomaterial engineering, this approach establishes a paradigm for resetting oxidative-immune microenvironments in autoimmune diseases.
The efficient conversion of nitrobenzene to aminophenols, typically achieved with metal catalysts or metal oxides, provides significant environmental benefits. In this study, a novel nanocatalyst was synthesized by immobilizing silver metal on DABCO-based ionic liquids supported on magnetic polystyrene. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TGA, EDS EDS mapping, FT-IR, and ICP and subsequently evaluated as solid-phase catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) with excess NaBH4 using UV-vis spectroscopy, which maintained good catalytic activity after six recycling cycles. The synthesized nanocatalyst was cost-effective and demonstrated excellent efficiency (⁓80
This study presents a numerical and artificial intelligence-based investigation of two-dimensional, steady, mixed convective flow of a non-Newtonian Williamson nanofluid over an inclined wedge in the presence of viscous dissipation, magnetic field, suction, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effects. The novelty of the present work lies in the combined consideration of these coupled transport mechanisms and the development of a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA)-based artificial neural network (ANN) framework to predict the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions from the numerical solutions. Such a combined Bvp4c–ANN approach provides an efficient alternative for predicting complex nonlinear nanofluid transport characteristics and enhances the applicability of the model to advanced thermal and industrial systems. The subsequent transformed equations are elucidated accurately using the MATLAB. Then, the generated numerical dataset is employed to train, validate, and test an ANN model using the LMA, with 70
Nanoplatforms are evolving from passive delivery vehicles into multifunctional engineered systems capable of remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important biological interfaces because of their abundance, plasticity, and roles in immune suppression and therapeutic resistance. However, the knowledge structure and developmental trajectory of nanoplatform-mediated TAM reprogramming remain insufficiently characterized. We performed a bibliometric and knowledge-mapping analysis using independently retrieved Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus datasets with cross-database comparison and consistency assessment. English-language articles and reviews published from January 1, 2007, to March 25, 2026, were included, yielding 1,474 WoSCC and 2,077 Scopus records. Analyses used bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, BiblioVista, and Scimago Graphica. Publication output increased markedly in both databases, particularly after 2019, with highly concordant annual trends (Spearman’s ρ = 0.996, p < 0.001). The field was primarily represented in nanoscience, materials science, pharmacology, biomaterials, and biomedical engineering. China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the leading country and institution, while ACS Nano and Journal of Controlled Release formed the principal journal core. Keyword, burst, thematic, and milestone analyses supported a heuristic five-stage transition from macrophage-addressable nanodelivery to material-intrinsic immunomodulation, microenvironment-responsive TAM reprogramming, biomimetic and combinatorial nano-immunotherapy, and programmable innate-immunity-centered nanoplatforms. Translation-related themes remained comparatively less visible. Nanoplatform-mediated TAM reprogramming has developed into a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary research area linking nanoplatform engineering, macrophage-directed regulation, and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Future advancement will likely depend on increasingly sophisticated platforms alongside improved reproducibility, standardization, predictable in vivo behavior, and clinical translatability.
