In this current research work, zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) have been prepared using the leaves extract of Acacia auriculiformis and Bauhinia purpurea as powerful capping and reducing agents. The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) have been characterized using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, TEM, EDS, XRD, and antimicrobial analyses. The absorption spectra within the range of 200–500 nm confirmed the presence of ZrO2NPs with optical bandgap values of 4.62 and 5.65 eV for samples S1 and S2, respectively. The prepared ZrO2 NPs are circular and triangular, crystalline in nature, with a small particle size. The antibacterial properties obtained from Acacia auriculiformis and Bauhinia purpurea leaves extract synthesized ZrO2NPs. The results demonstrated that green-synthesized ZrO2NPs from Bauhinia purpurea leaves extract are more effective than Acacia auriculiformis leaves extract used against S. aureus.
The aim of this work was to study the antifungal activity of a number of the previously described as well as some unknown derivatives of [1,3]thiazolo- and [1,3]thiazino[3',2':2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indoles, in particular, their halides. The synthesis of these ionic compounds consists mainly in heterocyclization reactions under the action of halogens on various 3-alkene(alkyne)ylsulfanyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indoles. In this work, we first described the heterocyclization of 3-allylsulfanyl-5-benzyl-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b] indole, which proceeds similarly to the heterocyclization of its 5-unsubstituted derivative with the formation of 3-bromomethyl-10-benzyl[1,3]thiazolo[3',2':2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indolium halides. In the series of [1,3]thiazino[1,2,4]triazinoindoles, by the reaction of 8-bromo-3-butenylsulfanyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole with iodine (bromine), we obtained previously unknown 8-bromo-4-halomethyl[1,3]thiazino[3',2':2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indolium halides. In addition, the supramolecular structure of the known 4-iodomethyl[1,3]thiazino[3',2':2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indolium triiodide was studied for the first time by X-ray diffraction. 3‑Methyl[1,3]thiazolo[3',2':2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole was selected as a non-ionic compound for studying activity against both anthropophilic and phytopathogenic microscopic fungi, for which we also proposed another fairly simple synthesis method that enables a maximum yield of 75
Carbon quantum dots were synthesized using glutamic acid as the carbon source, and their effects on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete were systematically investigated. Different dosages of CQDs were incorporated into concrete mixtures, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of their performance. Mechanical properties were assessed via compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and dynamic mechanical tests, whereas durability was examined through water absorption and chloride ion penetration tests. Furthermore, FESEM and EDS were employed for microstructural analysis to clarify the corresponding changes in the concrete matrix. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of CQDs significantly enhances the overall performance of concrete. Specifically, the compressive strength of CQDs-modified concrete approaches 52 MPa, the flexural strength reaches 2.89 N/mm2 (a 20.89
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as prominent nanomaterials in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences owing to their tunable structural characteristics, large surface area, controllable pore architecture, adaptable surface chemistry, and cost-effective fabrication. These attributes have facilitated their development as multifunctional platforms for a diverse range of healthcare applications, including targeted drug delivery, molecular imaging, theranostic systems, nucleic acid transport, tissue regeneration, and antimicrobial interventions. This review critically analyzes the influence of fabrication strategies on the physicochemical properties and the medical applications of silica-based nanocarriers. In this review, particular attention is given to commonly employed synthesis approaches, including sol–gel processing, the Stöber technique, microemulsion-based methods, hydrothermal routes, template-assisted fabrication, and environmentally sustainable synthesis strategies. These synthesis methods will impact on the particle size, morphology, pore architecture, and surface composition, which reflects on their biological activities, including cellular interactions, therapeutic effectiveness, etc. This review will also address critical issues like long-term toxicological effects, protein corona formation, pharmacokinetic behavior, quality control, manufacturing consistency, regulatory requirements, and clinical implementation are also explored. The present review work integrates material design, biological performance, safety considerations, and translational challenges within a single framework.
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is a next-generation energetic binder that has garnered significant attention for applications in the aerospace industry owing to its high heat of combustion, high specific impulse, low sensitivity to detonation, low glass transition temperature, and excellent compatibility with energetic oxidizers. In the present study, the synthesis of GAP was optimized using a two-step procedure, involving solvent-free polymerization of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and subsequently aqueous azidation using phase-transfer catalyst TBAB in water with a high yield of 95
