Nanocomposites are often made of graphene, a special kind of nanocarbon nanostructure. In this report, an innovative, easy, and eco-friendly technique for generating polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide (PANI/RGO) composite material using Spirulina extract by the chemical oxidative method. The green reducing agents were eco-friendly and efficiently converted the GO into RGO. The PANI/RGO nanocomposites have been characterized by XRD, UV–Visible, Raman, FTIR, and CV spectrometers. Also, SEM and TEM have been used to further characterize the morphological properties of these composites. Nowadays, Due to environmental regulations in contemporary technology sectors, green-approached graphene has garnered attention and their nanocomposite has played a very important role in energy storage devices. Particularly, the advanced functions of PANI/RGO nanocomposites have changed recently with several movements in high-performance supercapacitors. Moreover, future research on innovative PANI/RGO nanocomposites could potentially surmount performance- and design-related obstacles for technical application.
The increasing concentration of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, driven by industrial discharges, poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. The insufficient efficiency of conventional treatment methods highlights the need for the development of new, more advanced, and cost-effective technologies. In this work, a composite photocatalyst g‑C3N4/ZnIn2S4 with a component mass ratio of 1:1 was synthesized. FTIR and UV‑Vis spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of the carbon nitride structure in the composite and revealed a narrowing of the band gap from 2.81 to 2.35 eV, enabling light absorption over a broader range of the visible spectrum. The formation of the composite led to a multiple increase in adsorption capacity toward methylene blue (up to 165 mg/g). In the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light (LED, 450 nm), the composite exhibited a synergistic effect: the apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant was 0.061 min–1, which is 3.3 and 1.5 times higher than that for pristine g‑C3N4 and ZnIn2S4, respectively. The observed effect is attributed to the formation of an S‑scheme heterojunction, which ensures efficient charge carrier separation and suppresses their recombination. The obtained results indicate the promising potential of the composite for photocatalytic wastewater treatment.
The mechanical properties of silica cloth subjected to polar aprotic solvent treatment under ambient conditions, pressurization, and thermal exposure are investigated. The selected solvents of chloroform (CHCl3), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and methanol (MeOH) exhibit distinct adsorption behaviors, influencing their mechanical reinforcement effects. Under ambient conditions, MeOH-treated samples exhibit the highest tensile strength due to strong hydrogen bonding, followed by NMP and CHCl3. Under 10 bar pressurization, NMP-treated samples surpass MeOH and CHCl3 in tensile strength, indicating enhanced interfacial reinforcement. However, heat treatment at 180°C results in a significant decline in tensile strength, with CHCl3-treated samples demonstrating superior mechanical stability compared to NMP and MeOH, attributed to solvent desorption effects. Elongation trends follow a similar degradation pattern, with MeOH-treated samples experiencing the most pronounced brittleness. Tensile modulus analysis reveals that NMP and MeOH treatments reduce structural stiffness due to their dependence on interfacial bonding, whereas CHCl3-treated samples retain a higher modulus. Lastly, scanning electron microscopy analysis confirms the presence of solvent-induced degradation mechanisms, which contribute to tensile strength deterioration. These findings illustrate that adsorption strength governs mechanical behavior under ambient conditions, pressurization enhances interfacial reinforcement, and thermal exposure compromises solvent-induced strengthening.
—This research utilizes conductivity measurements to provide insight into the temperature-driven micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with the antibiotic drug ofloxacin (OFX), while also highlighting the impact of urea and glucose on the aggregation of the CTAB–OFX combination. The addition of OFX facilitated the micellization of CTAB. Glucose, via hydrogen bonding with water molecules, makes the solvent environment less favorable for the hydrophobic segments of the CTAB and urea, by diminishing hydrophobic interactions, impeding micelle formation, hence elevating the CMC of the CTAB–OFX mixture. The interaction between CTAB and OFX has been characterized employing physicochemical variables (counterion dissociation, α; and CMC) and thermodynamic parameters (entropy of micellization, ΔS _m^0 ; Gibbs energy of micellization, ΔG _m^0 ; and enthalpy of micellization, ΔH _m^0 ). The spontaneity of micellization in the CTAB–OFX combination in both water and urea/glucose conditions is depicted by the negative ΔG _m^0 results. Negative ΔS _m^0 and ΔH _m^0 values indicate the predominance of H-bonding, while positive ΔS _m^0 and ΔH _m^0 values denote a hydrophobic relationship. The CTAB–OFX combination’s +ΔS _m^0 and –ΔH _m^0 results reveal that both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are most probably engaged in the OFX-induced micellization of CTAB. The findings provide essential insights for researchers seeking to enhance parameters such as temperature, surfactant concentration, and the additive (urea and glucose) content, thereby augmenting the efficacy and resilience of drug delivery systems.
In the present research study nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) were prepared via reduction method. The NiNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is related to the particles surfaces and different elements presents as well as the particles size. The adsorption of Acid orange 8 (AO8) and Acid blue 25 (AB25) dyes onto NiNPs nanoparticles were performed. The effect of various parameters of adsorption, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration were studied. The pH for both the adsorbed dyes was kept 1 to 4 with dosage 20 mg for both dyes respectively. The best adsorption kinetic model was pseudo second order kinetics for both dyes with closed unity value of R2. Among the applied (Temkin, Freundlich, and Langmuir) isotherm models, Langmuir isotherms followed both dyes which show chemisorption process. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the standard change in enthalpy (ΔH°) is –8.46 and –7.54 kJ/mol for AO8 and AB25, respectively, indicates the exothermic adsorption. Isotherm models process for both dyes. While the positive standard change entropy (ΔS°) is 0.029 kJ/K for both dyes show disorder during adsorption process. The spontaneous adsorption process is due to free energy (ΔG°) –1.375 and –2.173 kJ/mol values at temperature of 333 K for both acidic dyes respectively. In the view of the above experimental results, suggested that NiNPs could be used a potential adsorbent for the removal of the acidic dyes from the aqueous solutions.
