The Indosinian and Yanshanian orogenic movements are both important Mesozoic orogenies in eastern China. The resulted tectonic belts are neither products of the third stage of crustal evolution, as proposed by Chen Guoda, nor intra-continental (or intraplate) orogenic belts generated by intraplate dynamics, as argued by some scholars —rather, they are superposed orogenic belts formed on the pre-existing continental crust in eastern China due to Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific dynamic system. In the past, these orogenic belts were called the marginal Pacific epicontinental activation belts of eastern China. In the Mesozoic, under the effect of Paleo-Pacific dynamic system, the East Asia margin orogenic system formed along Northeast Russia-Sikhote Alin (Russia)–Japan-Ryukyu-Taiwan (China)-Palawan (Philippines) regions, while simultaneously the Mesozoic superposed orogenic system formed in the pre-existing continental crust in eastern China adjacent to the East Asia continental margin. The two orogenic systems, both driven by Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific dynamic system, developed synchronously to form the giant Mesozoic orogenic system in the Pacific tectonic domain in eastern Asia, radically changing the pre-Indosian tectonic framework of the area.
Mineral knowledge acquisition is indispensable in geological research. Currently, mineral knowledge can be acquired though a search engine like Google, or though some mineral databases. But usually, the answers from the search engines are not professional enough, and the mineral databases cannot answer the questions input in natural language. In this paper, a Chinese mineral question and answering system based on knowledge graph is proposed with the aim of answering the mineral questions in Chinese natural language professionally, accurately and efficiently. Two deep learning models based on BERT are built to obtain mineral entities and relationships to construct the mineral knowledge graph. After the mineral knowledge graph is constructed, accordingly question templates are defined and another deep learning model based on BERT is built to recognize the intent and the entity/attribute of the input question. The query statement is generated according to the question template pre-defined and is input to the mineral knowledge graph constructed. Then the answer to the question is returned by the knowledge graph. The knowledge graph we constructed has 22,568 entities and 91,699 relationships, which is richer than most of the geological knowledge graph. The question and answering system achieve a 91.2% accuracy on the 2,000 test questions.
With an aim at analyzing the suitability of development of urban underground space in Shenzhen， this paper first studies its relationship with various factors， such as geological environment， surface environment， economic development and geological disasters. A suitability evaluation system for the development and utilization of shallow underground space was established， and the index weight was determined by the index scaling method and the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） method. It is shown that the evaluation indicators of the suitability of development and utilization of the shallow underground space in Shenzhen include six categories and 14 indicators. The suitability evaluation results are divided into four grades: suitable， sub-suitable， average and poor. For Shenzhen， the suitable and sub-suitable zones are concentrated in Futian District， Nanshan District and Bao’an District. The total area of suitable and sub-suitable zones accounts for about 80% of the whole city， indicating that the overall suitability of underground space development in Shenzhen is good. The evaluation results can provide a theoretical basis for the development planning of urban underground space in Shenzhen， and the evaluation approach can be applied to other cities with similar geological conditions to Shenzhen.
扇研究一直是沉积学中充满活力的研究主题,河流扇是扇研究的重要组成部分.近年来,河流扇研究引起了诸多学者关注,多种相关术语体系并行.针对上述问题,我们建立了一个融合383个全球现代河流扇沉积数据集,统计分析各类数据达8 400条.基于数据集,我们首次掌握了现代河流扇的全球分布,划分了河流扇的主要类型,明确了扇体形成、发育的控制因素.其中,河流扇的全球分布具备明显的纬度分带和地域分区特征:从纬度上看,主要发育在北纬30°～50°(49.5％);从地域上看,主要分布在亚洲中部及中国西部(50.1％).根据地形限制和河道摆动情况,可以把河流扇分为非限制迭进型、非限制摆动型、限制迭进型和限制摆动型4种形态类型.河流扇主要在干旱、半干旱条件下形成,受局部构造条件、气候以及物源供给控制.扇体内部建造以河流作用为主,从扇体顶点到远端呈现出明显的异质性.扇体的面积直接受控于纬度、温度、坡度、集水区面积、区域年降雨量和山前距离等因素.随着研究的进一步深入,河流扇将在沉积学、地质灾害防治、石油勘探,甚至行星际沉积学等方面发挥重要作用.
Carbonate rocks account for about 20% of phanerozoic sedimentary rocks， and carbonate reservoirs hold at least 60% of the world’s proven hydrocarbon reserves. Calcite is a common carbonate mineral， and surface reactions on calcite are important for the formation of secondary pores in the shallow part of the crust. This paper made a necessary summary of the previous researches in related fields， and the results show that the determining factors affecting the growth of calcite include temperature， pressure， degree of supersaturation as well asthe type and radius of ions and so on. The decrease of the pressure， the increase of ionic strength and supersaturation are beneficial for the growth of calcite. The determining factors affecting the dissolution of calcite include temperature， pressure， pCO 2 ， ionic strength， pH value， medium fluid compositions， Zeta potential， and the degree of saturation of solution relative to calcite etc. The Zeta potential of calcite is the main influencing factor to determine whether the ions in the medium fluids can promote or inhibit the dissolution of calcite. Additionally， the concentrations and types of foreign ions have significantly different micromorphologies during the growth and dissolution of calcite， which makes it possible to recover the components of palaeo-fluid by observing the mineral surface morphology. In this paper， the inconsistent results of the previous experiments are analyzed and we proposed a new viewpoint for interpreting the inconsistency. The factors affecting the dissolution of calcite are investigated to find the optimal solution for carbonate dissolution， so as to provide a reliable theoretical basis for delineating high-quality reservoirs. Another significance of this paper is convenient for the following researchers to acquire the research hot-spot and the latest progresses in this field.
