In the present study, a newly designed polyester substrate-based textile microstrip patch antenna operating in the 3.5 GHz band is proposed for smart clothing in broadband wireless applications. The motivation behind this work stems from the lack of comprehensive studies that address all critical aspects—including off-body performance, fabrication, testing, on-body evaluation, bending analysis, and SAR assessment—while specifically focusing on polyester textile antenna designs for the 3.5 GHz band in next-generation wearable systems. The antenna of small dimension 30×20×0.8 mm³ is designed and simulated in CST, followed by prototype fabrication and subsequent measurements to validate the simulation results. Slotting and partial grounding techniques are employed in the design for improving the radiation performance of the antenna. The effectiveness of the antenna has been assessed under the off-body and on-body conditions. Bending analysis under various bending conditions is performed to assess the antenna’s flexibility and suitability for wearable applications. Experimental results obtained from the fabricated antenna in free space and on-body scenarios show agreement with simulation data. Moreover, the specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis confirming that the antenna complies with IEEE safety standards. The proposed antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 1.17 GHz (operating range of 3.11-4.27 GHz), a higher radiation efficiency of 94.52%, and a moderate peak gain of 2.59 dB. It covers 5G NR (n77, n78), C-Band (Radar/WiMAX), CBRS, and Extended C-Bands used for wearable broadband applications. Hence, the proposed antenna is robust and well-suited for smart clothing applications in wireless broadband applications as it combines good radiation characteristics and stable performance under bending, while maintaining safe SAR levels and a compact textile-compatible design.
On the last day of February 2026, Prof. Milić Stojić, a long-standing member of the Editorial Board of the Electronics journal, passed away. During the first few years following the establishment of the journal in 1997, he encouraged many authors of the best papers presented at the regional conferences to publish their work in the journal. He served as Guest Editor for Vol. 2, No. 1. He also recommended distinguished international scientists to contribute invited papers, which significantly helped the journal gain recognition relatively quickly, at first throughout the region of the former Yugoslavia and subsequently around the world. On the occasion of Prof. Milić Stojić's 70th birthday, we dedicated Vol. 15, No. 1 of the journal to him. In that issue, we published his biography, which we provide here in a slightly modified form.
In order to improve operational efficiency for lowpower VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) designs, the current research presents a simulation-based comparison of the results of basic gates, computation-intensive circuits, and basic memory blocks designed using FinFET technology. This creative designs in multipliers effectively consolidates input data by stacking blocks, which significantly reduces time in next-stage operations. To assess the suggested compressor design in terms of average power, delay, and Power Delay Product (PDP), extensive simulations and analyses are carried out. When conducted within the same technological and environmental conditions as existing designs, proposed designes demonstrate clear advantages. The proposed compressor shows an amazing 64.91% decrease in delay, a significant 87.85% improvement in average power consumption, and a notable 95.74% improvement in energy efficiency for proposed 4-3 compressor and similar outcomes for 5-3 compressor. In memory design, it also demonstrates a notable enhancement, achieving an 87.95% reduction in average power, a 49.57% decrease in delay, and an 87.57% improvement in Energy Delay Product (EDP) compared to both conventional NAND-based and FinFET-based Content Addressable Memory (CAM) designs.
The biosensor capable of detecting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses in the terahertz (THz) regime has the potential to revolutionize virus detection and diagnosis. One effective approach is the utilization of a new type of sensor called a multi-band metamaterial. These metamaterials are artificially engineered materials that exhibit properties not typically found in natural substances. They consist of sub-wavelength structures designed with precise electromagnetic properties. Multi-band metamaterial sensors can simultaneously detect multiple frequencies of THz radiation, increasing the likelihood of virus detection. These sensors offer several advantages, including high sensitivity, non-destructiveness, and the ability to accurately detect even small amounts of virus particles. Consequently, they enable faster and more accurate diagnoses of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). In the THz regime, the biosensor employs a novel multi-band metamaterial resonator that incorporates a thin gold layer (35nm). The resonance frequency and parameter S11 (dB) of the sensor exhibit sensitivity to changes in the refractive index of the sample. This sensitivity allows for precise and reliable detection. The study demonstrated that our sensors exhibit minimal frequency offsets, compact electrical dimensions, high sensitivity, and a linear relationship between the sensor’s resonant frequency and refractive index, enhancing their effectiveness. The proposed structures have demonstrated the ability to detect COVID-19 viruses with an average sensitivity of 347.7GHz/RIU (2.154dB/RIU). This biosensor can differentiate between different types of COVID-19 viruses, further highlighting its potential in virus identification and classification.
Antennas offering wide bandwidth, high gain and efficiency are essential to terahertz (THz) wireless communication systems and has gathered significant attention in antenna research. This paper introduces a compact, high-gain, ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna tailored for THz applications, along with its performance analysis. The proposed antenna has an elliptical patch with a pi shaped slot and is excited by a tapered feedline. An elliptical patch antenna incorporating a pi-shaped slot is introduced for the first time in the terahertz THz spectral region, demonstrating the ability to simultaneously achieve substantial size miniaturization, wideband performance, improved impedance matching, and enhanced gain. The antenna structure was designed and optimized for improved performance using CST Microwave Studio (MWS) version 2018. A Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate was used for antenna design, featuring 6 μm thickness, 2.2 relative permittivity, 0.0009 loss tangent, and 120 × 80 μm² planar dimensions. The proposed antenna demonstrates strong performance characteristics with a wide impedance bandwidth of 3.41 THz (5.01–8.42 THz), high gain of 7.906 dB, radiation efficiency of 77.83%, and low return loss of −43.57 dB, with consistent VSWR across the entire frequency range. The surface current distribution as well as the input impedance of the pi-shaped slotted antenna are also favorable. All the simulation results suggest that the proposed small size pi-shaped slotted elliptical patch antenna can be a suitable candidate for high-speed 6G wireless communication applications in the THz band.
