The mental health of college students is a constant concern. After China implemented an open strategy for addressing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2022, college campuses became among the main locations for the rapid spread of the epidemic, which resulted in a serious impact on the mental health of college students. From December 2022 to January 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the mental health status of college students in Southwest China in a timely manner and to analyze the influencing factors after the sudden change in prevention and control strategies against COVID-19. The Results revealed that the prevalences of anxiety and event-related psychological distress were 16.08
India aims to eliminate malaria by 2030, a goal that depends on controlling the disease in its remaining hotspots. The northeastern region of India, with its complex ecology, international borders, and diverse population distribution, is one of the most critical challenges for controlling malaria. Understanding exactly where and to whom malaria transmission persists is essential for effective, targeted control. This study conducted a detailed spatio-temporal analysis of malaria across Assam from 2011 to 2023. Bayesian spatial–temporal modelling and space–time scan statistics modelling were implemented, and the analysis mapped changing risks and identified significant clusters of malaria outbreaks. The work was specifically designed to compare risk across three key age groups: children under five, school-aged children (5–14 years), and adults (> 15 years). During the study period, malaria incidence declined in Assam, with persistent transmission concentrated in specific districts and age groups. School-aged children had the highest reported case incidence, with some areas showing more than 21 times the number of expected cases, marking it as an endemic for the disease. Persistent high-risk hotspots were identified in the central hills (Karbi Anglong, Dima Hasao) and western border districts with Bhutan (Kokrajhar, Chirang, Udalguri). These hotspots are surrounded by dense forests, tribal communities, and limited healthcare services. This study concludes that malaria in Assam is now a focal disease, concentrated in specific geographic and demographic pockets. Eliminating the disease will require a strategic shift away from state wide approaches toward targeted interventions that specifically address the high transmission among school-aged children in these forested and border districts.
People living with HIV (PLWH) exhibit a two-fold higher incidence of cardiovascular disease compared to HIV-negative persons. However, determinants of cardiovascular disease risk in PLWH are still evolving. The objective of this study is to evaluate the determinants of cardiovascular disease among PLWH in Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 30th September to 11th November 2024 among adult patients attending the HIV clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. We used systematic sampling to recruit participants and computed their 5-year projected CVD risk using the Data collection on Adverse effects of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) equation. We analysed data collected using IBM SPSS Statistical software for windows, version 26 and binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of CVD risk among PLWH. The majority of participants were female (70.6
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and its incidence is increasing in Iran. Due to limited evidence from southeastern Iran, this study aimed to investigate breast cancer risk factors among women in Zahedan. This matched case-control study was conducted in Zahedan, Iran, and included 106 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer cases identified from the cancer registry. All eligible cases during the study period were included, and no sampling procedure was performed. For each case, one neighborhood control was individually matched by age (± 2 years). Data on demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors were collected through face-to-face interviews using a validated questionnaire. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate associations between potential risk factors and breast cancer. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 32 and Stata version 19, with statistical significance defined as a two-sided p-value < 0.05. In the univariable conditional logistic regression analysis, higher educational level was associated with lower odds of breast cancer (OR = 0.35; 95
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the delivery and utilization of essential maternal health services worldwide. Restrictions on movement, fear of infection, transportation difficulties, and changes in healthcare service delivery may have affected access to antenatal care (ANC), particularly in rural communities. This study aimed to compare selected indicators of antenatal care service provision and utilization between the Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods among women residing in selected rural villages of Gadag Taluk, Karnataka. A community-based retrospective comparative study was conducted among 360 eligible women from five selected rural villages of Gadag Taluk. Participants were categorized according to whether their pregnancy occurred during the pre-COVID-19 or COVID-19 study period. Data were collected through household-based interviews using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and the chi-square test was used to compare selected categorical variables between the two periods. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 360 women included in the study, 172 (47.8
