Background Campylobacter infections are increasing globally, with an estimated 400-500 million cases recorded annually. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) conditions facilitate the transmission of these pathogens between humans and animals, contributing to the global increase in infections. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter species in LMICs from the One-Health perspective. Methodology Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. A total of 530 retrieved articles were screened using a predefined selection criterion. Prevalence and resistance meta-analyses were conducted by subjecting the extracted data to the random-effects model in RStudio version 4.4.2. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were conducted to assess the moderators of heterogeneity and robustness of included studies, respectively. Results A total of 130 articles were included in this study. The prevalence of Campylobacter species was highest in animals (14.76% [12.44; 17.25]), followed by the environment (10.95% [6.93; 16.47]) and humans (10.34% [7.41; 13.68]). The most prevalent species were C. jejuni , C. coli , and C. upsaliensis in all three sample sources. Lower-middle-income economies had the highest prevalence, followed by upper-middle-income economies and low-income economies. Generally, all Campylobacter spp. showed high resistance to tetracycline (66.82% [62.10; 71.40]), nalidixic acid (65.18% [59.12; 71.03]), and ciprofloxacin (62.52% [57.20; 67.71]). Additionally, there was a 60.65% [53.78; 67.32] prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR), followed by extensive drug resistance (XDR) with 55.14% [29.74; 79.21] and pan-drug resistance (PDR) with 1.68% [0.57; 3.23]. Conclusion There is a higher prevalence of Campylobacter species in animals compared to humans and the environment in LMICs, coupled with a high prevalence of multidrug resistance. Hence, stricter monitoring and regulation of antibiotic use in animal farming and humans are required to curb the increasing antibiotic resistance.
Few studies have simultaneously characterized physical, chemical, and culturable biological indoor air quality (IAQ) in hospital waiting areas, particularly in tropical healthcare settings. This exploratory observational environmental monitoring study assessed PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO 2 , CO, thermal environmental parameters, and culturable airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations in five hospital waiting areas with different ventilation conditions in Northern Thailand. Measurements were conducted over nine sampling days and summarized at the room-day level to account for repeated spatial measurements. Significant overall differences among waiting areas were observed for PM 10 (p = 0.0012), temperature (p = 0.0006), culturable bacteria (p = 0.0050), and culturable fungi (p = 0.0007), whereas PM 2.5 , relative humidity, CO, and CO 2 did not differ significantly at p < 0.01. No pairwise comparison remained significant after Holm adjustment. Descriptively, Room E, the only mechanically ventilated waiting area, generally showed lower PM 10 and culturable bioaerosol concentrations than several naturally ventilated waiting areas; however, these differences cannot be attributed exclusively to ventilation condition because mechanical ventilation was represented by only one room. Neither mixed-effects models (bacteria: p = 0.062; fungi: p = 0.153) nor room/day fixed-effects sensitivity analyses (bacteria: p = 0.542; fungi: p = 0.447) showed significant associations between PM 10 and culturable bacterial or fungal concentrations. These findings demonstrate substantial room-specific heterogeneity in IAQ and provide a site-specific baseline for future multi-site studies and targeted ventilation, filtration, and IAQ management strategies in hospital waiting areas.
Objective We examined self-reported work-related injury and its association with ergonomic stressors among municipal solid waste collectors in The Gambia. Methods In a 2020 cross-sectional survey at Brikama Area Council (n=98) and Kanifing Municipal Council (n=107), we modelled the number of anatomical regions with a reported injury over 12 months (0 to 9) against a six-item ergonomic stressor count (0 to 6), using Poisson regression with robust standard errors; binary outcomes used modified Poisson regression. The outcome is an injury-site count, not a musculoskeletal disorder measure. Reporting followed STROBE. Results Work-related injury was reported by 93.2% of workers (95% CI 88.9 to 95.9) and injury in three or more regions by 78.0% (71.9 to 83.2; mean 4.27, SD 2.18). Each additional stressor was associated with a 14% higher region count (adjusted count ratio 1.14, 1.09 to 1.20; p<0.001), with predicted counts rising from 2.26 to 5.03 regions across the stressor range and a stronger association at longer tenure (interaction p<0.001). Gradients were broad, not anatomically specific, strongest at the head (prevalence ratio 1.46, 1.20 to 1.78) and tooth (1.34, 1.12 to 1.60), regions with no plausible ergonomic mechanism. The E-value was 1.55 (limit 1.39). Conclusion A higher stressor count was associated with injury at more anatomical regions. Because exposure and outcome were self-reported at a single time point and equally strong at anatomically implausible and load-bearing regions, the association cannot be interpreted as an ergonomic dose-response effect. This identifies a heavily burdened, unstudied workforce and motivates measurement with validated instruments.
Objective This study aimed to examine self-protective behaviors in pesticide use and identify factors associated with these behaviors among rice farmers in Phitsanulok Province, Lower Northern Thailand. Methods A Correlational study was conducted among 261 registered rice farmers selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.845) covering health literacy and self-protective practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Results The majority of farmers (77.0%) possessed adequate health literacy (X̅ = 100.26, SD = 8.735). While 58.6% reported good self-protective practices, 41.4% were at a moderate level (X̅ = 35.17, SD = 2.513). Multiple regression analysis revealed that educational level, access to health information and services, and decision-making skills were significantly associated with protective behaviors ( R 2 = 0.305; adjusted R 2 = 0.271, p < 0.05). Access to health information exhibited the strongest positive association ( β = 0.343). Conclusion Although most farmers have adequate health literacy, risky practices persist. To enhance occupational safety, interventions should move beyond information dissemination to focus on strengthening decision-making skills and improving risk communication. Targeted practical training is essential for fostering safer agricultural practices.
Introduction The Majidun community in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria, is a densely populated fishing settlement. Urbanisation and industrial activity in the catchment have raised contamination concerns, yet no radiological baseline exists. Objective To determine activity concentrations of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in fish, sediment (sharp sand) and water from the Majidun River, and evaluate the associated radiological health implications. Methods Thirty fish, 20 sediment, and 15 water samples were collected and analysed by gamma-ray spectrometry. Radiological hazard indices were calculated for sediment and committed effective ingestion doses for fish and water. Results Mean activity concentrations of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th were 19.0 ± 8.5, 3.1 ± 1.8, and 2.4 ± 1.6 Bqkg − 1 , in fish; 381.1 ± 35.0, 17.4 ± 5.9 and 12.4 ± 4.0 Bqkg − 1 in sediment; and 23.2 ± 2.8, 2.2 ± 2.0, 1.7 ± 1.5 BqL − 1 in water. Sediment concentrations were significantly below worldwide means, and all hazard indices fell within recommended limits. The mean committed effective ingestion dose from fish was 0.0092 mSv y −1 . Mean annual effective ingestion doses from water were 0.30, 0.19, 0.33, 0.38 and 0.46 mSv y −1 for the 1-, 5-, 10- and 15-year and adult groups, all exceeding the WHO individual dose criterion of 0.1 mSv y −1 . Conclusion Sharp sand presents no radiological constraint on use in construction, and measured fish activities indicate no radiological hazard from consumption. Drinking water exceeds the individual dose criterion in every age group. This first radiological baseline identifies water as the priority for monitoring and intervention.
