The main objective of this research is to evaluate the results applying the Information Entropy Method (IEM) for predicting landslide susceptibility in Uzundere County, Erzurum Province, Turkey. To do this, first, 42 past landslide occurrences were mapped in the GIS environment. 30 (70%) out of the landslides were selected for the modeling and the remaining (30%) were employed for validation of the model. Afterward, 12 landslide contributing factor layers were prepared including distance from settlements, local relief, dominant soil, total curvature, drainage pattern, drainage proximity, road buffer, ruggedness number, lithological units, slope inclination, slope orientation, and compound topographic index (CTI). The relationships between landslide distributions and these factors were determined using IE model and the results were then used to calculate the landslide susceptibility of the entire study area. To verify the model, the results were compared with validation landslide data not employed in training process of the model. Accordingly, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were applied, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated for the obtained susceptibility map using the success (modeling data) and prediction (validation data) rate curves. The validation results showed AUC = 72.36 % and AUC = 70.15 % for success and prediction rates, respectivly. The landslide susceptibility map produced from this research were successful and can be useful for general land use planning and future hazard management purposes.
At the last decade increased the interest and search for new natural compounds from marine biodiversity to discover novel bioactive substances. It is expected that many naturally bioactive marine compounds with novel structures and bioactivities may be found among marine metabolites. Moreover, there is also an urgent need for bioactive compounds environmentally friendly or with �??green�?� chemical properties. Still, there is a long way from discover to the applications of this new natural compounds, because they need to be cost efficient and be economically viable from an ecological point of view. Marine macroalgae produce significant amounts of primary and secondary metabolites that present a wide variety of bioactive properties, including antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging or immunomodulatory potential, with also antibiotic properties. These molecules are promising candidates for many possible applications such as in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and medicine areas but also in agriculture or feeding. These applications may promote several benefits to humans�?? daily life, and so to a better quality of life. Still, some substances may be poisonous to humans and to other organisms, or become toxic upper to a certain quantity. In this topic will be focused the marine macroalgae benefits, applications in industrial sector and therapeutic potential.
Environmental Science: An Indian Journal is an open access peer reviewed journal that covers the publishing of all aspects of Environmental Sciences with unwavering objectives of report on the latest research achievements and developments and providing quality online platform by publishing Research article, Review article, Short communication, Rapid communication, Letter to Editor, Case-reports and analyses in all areas of Environmental Science. We are successfully completed Volume 17 & Issue 08. Now we are planning to release Volume 17 & Issue 09. We cordially invite you to submit your contributions encompassing your current theoretical or experimental scientific endeavors either as original research, review, commentary or expert opinion.
Municipal wastewater contains a variety of organic and inorganic substances from domestic and industrial sources. The presence of fats, oils and grease (FOG) in municipal wastewater has proven to have adverse effects on the wastewater treatment plants and aquatic life in which it is sometimes discharged. There are different technologies used for the removal of FOG in municipal wastewater treatment all over the world. These technologies differ in the percentage removal of FOG hence an accurate method for determining the oil content of a wastewater is extremely important. A number of tests can be used for the determination of FOG, but most tests involve extraction of the oil from water with a preferential solvent. Some of those solvents can be hexane, petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl ether, chloroform, n-hexane and carbon tetrachloride. After FOG is found in wastewater effluents, it may be recovered and reused, nevertheless reduction or prevention of pollution at the source is a key element in any pollution control strategy. However, after FOG is found in the effluent, pre-treatment measures as well as control of FOG at the source may be introduced in wastewater treatment and the recovered FOG can be reused. A number of options for the use of recovered FOG include land fill, land application, composting, provision for manufacturing lubricants or industry soaps, incineration, anaerobic codigestion, or biodiesel production.
Statement of the Problem: Use of fossil energy in human activities has increased CO2 concentration in earth atmosphere causing global warming. An alternative way to counter the increasing amount of CO2 in atmosphere is by improving area of green landscape, such as tea plantation. Tea is mainly planted as a cash crop, but it can reduce CO2 atmosphere and increase C sequestration in soil. Since tea can stand >25 years old, it can consume high amount of CO2 atmosphere during photosynthesis process. Then, the litters (leaves and small branches) produced either which fall naturally or after being trimmed, will contribute OC to soil. Since the soil is not cultivated during the entire life of tea, the OC will be accumulated by time, even in sloping area.
