The article discusses feasibility of smart and efficient resource use in the machine works-mine cluster based on the concept of lean and low-waste manufacture. Products of the machine works (pumps, coal pumps, fans, winch arrangements, buckets, conveyors, rock-breaking tools etc.) for the mining industry feature a high resource consumption and a rather short life. The latter is governed by a set of specific factors, namely: rock pressure, rock bursts and gas outbursts, high gas and dust content of air, higher moistness of underground openings and rock mass, high abrasivity of water, air, rocks etc. As a consequence, machines, mechanisms and tools go unserviceable very fast and pass into waste. At the same time, if treated sparingly and economically, many types of production waste have a high chance of recovery up to the level of good condition and return to a production cycle, while some waste items can be brought to even a better condition with new properties. To this effect, cyclic technologies of higher resource-saving level are required. The feasibility of waste recycling and resource efficiency enhancement in the machine works-mine system is discussed as a case-study of a rock-breaking tool. The proposed structural properties and technological capabilities form a three-level waste recycling system for shearer picks, which provides conditions for prudent handling of metals involved in the process of rock fracture- steel and hard alloy. A long-term life cycle of the metals in the mining industry is ensured, at the decreased metal losses, increased level of non-waste operation of coal mines, and at the better performance of the picks. Development of new designs and technologies by mechanical engineers in cooperation with mining engineers makes the low-waste mining industry in Kuzbass realistic.
This study examines the origin and mechanisms of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Cuu Long Basin (offshore Vietnam), with particular emphasis on oils hosted in fractured and cavernous granitoids of the crystalline basement. A comprehensive set of molecular geochemical analyses was performed, including gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquID chromatography(HPLC), in accordance with ASTMand ISO standards. The distribution patterns ofn-alkanes, isoprenoids, steranes, and terpanes revealed identical biomarker profiles for basement-hosted oils and oils associated with Oligocene-Miocene reservoirs. The absence of regular C12and C17 isoprenoids, together with the lack of C22 and C27 cheilanthanes, as well as elevated cheilanthane indices and high hopane/sterane ratios, confirm the biogenic origin of these oils and indicate a significant bacterial contribution to the initial organic matter. The findings support a two-stage migration model: lateral migration within carrier beds, followed by downward migration along fault and fracture zones into the basement. It is established that hydrocarbons in the crystalline basement occur in secondary accumulations and are derived from Oligocene-Miocene source rocks. These results refine the petroleum system model of the basin and substantiate the priority of future exploration for new accumulations in basement reservoirs.
This article is devoted to the study of the state of the resource base of iron ore raw materials in Kazakhstan, as well as to the overview of the main geological and industrial types of iron ore deposits in the Republic. During the study, the territorial division of the country's iron resources into regions was made, the geological features of occurrence were considered and the most promising regions of the country were identified in terms of increasing balance reserves of iron ores. The paper analyzes the geological conditions of localization of ore bodies, structural and tectonic factors of their formation, as well as spatial variability of the qualitative characteristics of ores. In total, 4 main geological and industrial types of iron deposits are identified, which are spatially distributed unevenly. It is noted that significant iron reserves are located in Eastern, Southern and Western Kazakhstan, however, only a few deposits in the region are economicaly viable for extraction at present. In turn, Central Kazakhstan is considered as one of the key objects of further geological research, since its stratiform deposits of siliceous-carbonate formation are characterized by the presence of complicated geological and structural features, and their potential can make a significant contribution to the replenishment of iron mineral resources. Particular attention is paid to the application of spatial modeling and geostatistical analysis methods, which allow objectifying assessment of reserves, clarifying spatial patterns of mineral substance distribution and increasing reliability of ore content forecast. The obtained results can be used to optimize the strategy of geological exploration and scientific substantiation of the prospects for the development of iron ore deposits in Central Kazakhstan.
This article describes creation of a gravimetric map for the Turkistan Region in Kazakhstan, to be later on used in solving geological, geophysical and geodetic problems. The gravimetric surveying data on the Turkistan area are to the courtesy of the National Geological Service (NGS JSC). The archival gravimetric maps were scanned, digitized, geographically fixed and systematized. The diagrammatic maps of the area coverage are given with the specified scales and density of surveying. The comparative analysis of the precision of the global geopotential model XGM2019e_2159 is carried out using the land-based and air-borne gravity data on the test area. The map of the Bouguer anomalies is created for the Turkistan Region at a scale of 1:200000, and the gravity field transforms are made using the radially averaged strength spectrum, to determine the regional and residual gravity anomalies and for the further geological characteristic of the Turkistan Region.
