Users can interact in virtual reality (VR) spaces through avatars that differ markedly from their real-world looks. These avatars can be customized to any appearance and size, whether they are based on real entities or are entirely fictitious. These avatars include non-humanoid avatars as well. Some non-humanoid avatars do not have hands, in which case the problem arises that they cannot reference using gesture. In this case, the interlocutor must determine the object from the direction of the referent's gaze and the context. Given the impact of avatar characteristics on the visual communication process of joint attention among users, it is essential to elucidate the connection between avatar traits and the range of reference to facilitate smooth interaction. In this study, the influence of avatar looks on the referential range of demonstrative indicators was elucidated. Experiments were conducted in a VR spaces using avatars of different appearances and sizes, with the aim of understanding how these differences impact the ability to refer to objects using both distal and proximal indicators. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the transition point from the proximal to the distal referential field for each type of avatar. This research seeks to deepen the understanding of how avatars, as proxies for humans in VR spaces, influence communication dynamics. Looking forward, it is anticipated that the findings will enhance the VR experience by improving referential communication among avatars of diverse appearances and sizes. This enhancement is expected to foster richer user interactions, thereby contributing to the future growth of the VR market.
