The aim of this research was to examine the role of sex, age, and professional status in explaining individual differences in the decision-making styles of artistic gymnastics coaches. The study involved 49 coaches (29 men, 20 women), who completed an adapted version of the General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS), as well as a questionnaire on demographic and professional characteristics. The t-test for independent samples, Spearman’s correlation (ρ), and one-way ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed no statistically significant relationships (p>0.05) between decision-making styles and the examined predictors. Contrary to the hypotheses, none of the analyzed variables – sex, age, professional status (including role and results), and athlete age category – proved to be a significant predictor of decision-making styles. While the absence of gender differences is interpreted in light of professional socialization theory, the unexpected absence of influence from age and status indicates a need for further verification. It is concluded that further research on larger samples, with additional verification of the instrument's measurement characteristics, is necessary to make a final judgment on the role of experience and status in coach decision-making.
The aim of this study was to review and critically examine the existing evidence on the effects of supplementary Kids’ Athletics programs on the motor abilities of younger school-aged children. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Studies were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria, and methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final synthesis, comprising a total of 613 participants of both sexes aged 6 to 12 years. The included studies varied considerably in design, sample size, intervention duration and frequency, program content, and outcome measures. Most studies reported improvements in motor abilities such as speed, agility, coordination, explosive power, flexibility, and aerobic endurance following participation in Kids’ Athletics programs. However, the magnitude and consistency of these effects differed across motor domains, and evidence was limited for certain abilities due to the small number of available studies. Given the substantial heterogeneity among interventions and methodological limitations of the included studies, the overall findings should be interpreted with caution. While supplementary Kids’ Athletics programs appear to have the potential to support motor development in young school-age children, further high-quality, methodologically consistent studies are needed to strengthen confidence in these conclusions.
This systematic review examines the physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics of junior (U19) rowers. Rowing is a demanding endurance sport that combines aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscular strength, motor precision, and mental resilience. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies published from 1997 to 2024 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CEEOL, and additional sources. Of the 217 records identified, 20 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The primary outcome was that the 2000 m ergometer performance; 1500 m and on-water data were considered as justified proxies when directly informative for U19 athletes. Key parameters evaluated were anthropometry and body composition, VO₂max and other aerobic indices, anaerobic power and maximal strength, motor abilities (especially coordination and explosive power), and psychological factors (resilience and stress management). Findings highlight the importance of height and limb length for biomechanical efficiency, VO₂max for sustained race pace, and anaerobic capacity for decisive start/finish phases. Lower limb strength and explosive motor abilities are consistently associated with better ergometer and on-water performance. Psychological resilience and effective stress management further differentiate high performing juniors. Practical implications include integrated development of aerobic and anaerobic capacities, targeted strength and power training, and systematic cultivation of psychological skills during adolescence, with routine monitoring of maturation. Longitudinal designs are recommended to track growth related changes and performance trajectories across U19 development. By consolidating current evidence, this review provides actionable guidance for talent identification and junior specific training strategies.
Photos are an important tool when journalists want to tell the story of an event. One such example is the Paralympic Games, the largest elite sporting event for athletes with disabilities. The aim of this study is to analyze photos from the Serbian media during the Tokyo Paralympics in Tokyo. The research material consisted of Serbian daily media reporting during the Tokyo Paralympic Games, collected through the online platform PressReader. A conceptual analysis was used to analyze the photos by determining the presence and frequency of concepts in the photos. When reviewing selected Serbian daily newspapers, we found 41 photos depicting predominantly male persons, 28 photos showing a disability, that the athletes in the photos are predominantly of Serbian nationality, that only a few sports are shown, and that the focus was on athletes in wheelchairs. The results indicate that media coverage needs to be improved.TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
The aim of this research was to examine the presence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) among professional football players in Serbia. The presence of RAE is reflected through the unequal distribution that favors players born closer to the selection cutoff date. The total sample included 913 professional football players in Serbia during the 2022/2023 season. A chi-square test (χ2) was used to determine differences in the distribution of players birthdays by quarters and post-hoc z-test with Bonferroni correction were applied for pairwise comparison between quarters. The results for the total sample indicate statistically significant differences in player representation (χ2 = 16.17, p = .001, ES = .078). The presence of the RAE was confirmed in the Serbian First League (χ2 = 15.94, p = .001, ES = .069), but not in the Super League (χ2 = 5.49, p = .139, ES = .063). No significant differences were found in the distribution of players from teams competing in the play OFF (χ2 = 5.53, p = .137, ES = .061) or play OUT (χ2 = 2.15, p = .543, ES = .034). Nevertheless, descriptive statistics show the highest representation of player born in Q1 in both groups. The results of this study confirm the presence of RAE among professional football players in Serbia; however RAE does not appear to be a factor that significantly affects team standings at the senior competition level. To mitigate the adverse effects of this phenomenon, it is necessary to modify talent identification strategies in Serbia.
