This study investigated the therapeutic mechanism of sea buckthorn extract (SBE) in a mouse model of psoriasis (PSO) associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Seventy male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to PSO, NAFLD, and PSO+NAFLD groups. Following model establishment, mice received either normal saline (NS) or SBE, generating six experimental subgroups. Liver function, lipid metabolism parameters, histopathological changes, inflammatory mediators, and PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway proteins were evaluated. Compared with the PSO group, PSO+NAFLD mice exhibited increased skin fold thickness, higher Baker scores, elevated cutaneous TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-6, and IL-23 expression, and enhanced phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and FOXO1 (p < 0.05). Relative to the NAFLD group, PSO+NAFLD mice showed aggravated liver injury, increased NAFLD activity scores, elevated AST, ALT, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, reduced HDL-C, increased hepatic inflammatory cytokines, and activation of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway (p < 0.05). SBE administration significantly ameliorated these alterations. These findings indicate that PSO and NAFLD mutually exacerbate inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, while SBE alleviates disease severity by suppressing inflammatory responses and modulating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
Cancer is the second leading cause of global mortality, with approximately 20% of cases attributable to infectious agents. Among the seven recognised oncogenic viruses, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has driven an epidemic-like rise in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) across industrialised nations, even as tobacco-related disease declines. This narrative review provides an integrated, mechanistically grounded synthesis of viral involvement in oropharyngeal carcinogenesis. We discuss the molecular basis of transformation, E6- and E7-mediated inactivation of p53 and Rb within the crypt epithelium of Waldeyer's ring, through the disease's distinctive epidemiology, including the pronounced European gradient and the Romanian context, to its diagnosis, p16-based biomarker classification, and the divergent AJCC 8th edition staging. Particular emphasis is placed on therapeutic management: stage-based standards, the cautionary failure of cetuximab substitution, the rationale for de-escalation, and the emergence of immunotherapy in the curative setting. We conclude by highlighting the principal unmet needs that will shape future practice.
This meta-analysis systematically evaluated efficacy of aprepitant (Apr) in preventing Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving moderately to highly emetogenic chemotherapy (MHEC). A search was performed in various databases for randomized controlled trials published between January 2003 and June 2024. The focus was on the adoption of Apr for preventing CINV in CRC patients. The control group received only a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone. Two researchers implemented the selection, quality evaluation, and data extraction processes. The analysis was conducted using RevMan5.3. This meta-analysis included seven high-quality studies comprising 1812 patients. The results indicated that in CRC patients receiving chemotherapy, Apr group demonstrated dramatically higher overall phase complete response rates for CINV (odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.53–2.49, p 0.00001), complete protection rates (OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.27–2.36, p = 0.0005), no vomiting rates (OR = 4.06, 95%CI = 2.53–6.52, Z = 5.80, p 0.00001), and no nausea rates (OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.01–1.57, p = 0.04) versus Control group. Additionally, there was no difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). Apr notably enhances the complete response rate of CINV in CRC patients receiving MHEC, demonstrating a favourable safety profile.
Drug abuse and addiction are major public health challenges, increasingly complicated by the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) among adolescents. This study characterized the demographic, clinical, and toxicological profiles of 17 adolescents (mean age 16.0 +/- 1.22 years; 82.4% male) presented to the emergency department for acute voluntary drug intoxication and compared the exposure history, biochemical, multidrug immunoassay, and qualitative GC-MS findings on urine and plasma samples. Although no classical toxidrome was established, common manifestations included loss of consciousness (58.8%), vomiting (52.9%), and drowsiness (41.2%), with dehydration prominent in self-reported NPS exposure. GC-MS qualitative analysis identified classical drugs of abuse, such as MDMA, ketamine, and its metabolites, as well as mass spectra matching NPS, Aincluding a cathinone-type compound. In this patient series, matrix comparison indicated that urine offered superior detection capabilities over plasma, owing to prolonged detection windows and the identification of excreted metabolites. Overall, analytical toxicology provides valuable qualitative support for clinical assessments. Despite the small group limiting statistical generalizations, integrating clinical manifestations with qualitative GC-MS identification remains essential for optimizing emergency care in adolescent drug intoxications.
Viola tricolor L. is a medicinal plant with aAlong history of traditional use and is recognized as a valuable source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. This study investigated the influence of the extraction technique on the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from the aerial parts of the plant. Five extraction techniques (maceration, microwave, Soxhlet, extraction assisted by ultrasound, and turbo-extraction) were comparatively evaluated by HPLC-MS, Adetermination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant assessment using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and differential pulse voltammetry. The phenolic profile was dominated by rutin (up to 170 & micro;g/mL), together with quercetin glycosides and phenolic acids. Maceration yielded the highest total phenolic content (1.17 mg GAE/mL) and flavonoid (0.29 mg RE/mL) contents, as well as the greatest antioxidant capacity (4.03 mg and 5.61 mg AAE/mL by DPPH assay and differential pulse voltammetry, respectively), followed by Soxhlet extraction. The strong correlation between the antioxidant assays confirmed the reliability of the analytical evaluation, identifying maceration as the most efficient extraction technique for recovering antioxidant compounds from Viola tricolor L.
