The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the problems and priorities of budgetary support for the socio-economic development in the Republic of Bashkortostan at the present stage and to develop recommendations for improving the balance of the parameters in the consolidated budgets of the regions from a perspective of strategic development priorities. The relevance of this study stems from the need to improve the quality of budget planning and support for socio-economic development at the regional level, based on the strategic priorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the context of decreasing inter-budget transfers and increasing debt and tax burden on the regional economies. Research methods include systemic, logical and statistical approaches, as well as considering the requirements of budgetary legislation, strategic planning documents, and the parameters of regional economic security. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) An analysis of the forecast parameters for the socio-economic and budgetary development in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2026–2028 was conducted. This made it possible to identify the lag of the region in a number of indicators compared to the average for Russia (nominal GRP growth rates, average monthly wages, labor productivity, capital productivity). The revenue side of the regional budget is formed based on the planned increase in the contribution of tax revenue, primarily due to an increase in household income taxes; 2) The main problems and risks of budgetary support for sustainable socio-economic development in the region are highlighted — the negative impact of external environmental factors, such as maintaining sanctions and slowing growth rates in the global economy; imbalance of supply and demand in the economy; personnel shortages; insufficient levels of budget expenditure on education, healthcare and culture, affecting the quality of the human potential in the territory, from the standpoint of economic security requirements; growth of the debt burden; environmental risks, etc.; 3) Recommendations were given to improve the balance of the parameters in the consolidated budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan in order to achieve the strategic priorities for its development. Conclusions: The implementation of the proposed recommendations would contribute to improving the balance of regional budget systems and achieving the strategic priorities for the socioeconomic development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that the demand for goods and services plays a significant role in determining the efficiency and financial stability of companies. It is not enough for a company to simply produce a product. Instead, it is essential to create a customer base in order to sell the product. The purpose of this study is to systematically organize and expand methods of product promotion through theoretical justification and analysis of factors that influence key financial and economic indicators of companies. Based on the set goals, the following research objectives have been identified: analyzing the dynamics and assessing the financial condition of domestic companies, evaluating the business activity and product promotion efficiency of these companies, developing methods for managing company’s accounts receivable; and formulating and implementing a product promotion strategy. In the process of solving research problems and achieving objectives, general scientific methods such as generalization and synthesis, comparison, dynamic analysis, calculation of average values, economic efficiency analysis, trend analysis, factor analysis, coefficient methods, matrix methods, and modeling were employed. The results of the study include the calculation of the duration of the production, operating and financial cycles for the period 2016–2023. A significant conclusion was made regarding a sharp increase in the length of the operating and financial cycles, which is attributed to an advanced increase in the accounts receivable turnover period compared to accounts payable. Based on trend analysis, it is predicted that the length of the financial cycle will reach 39 days by 2027. In order to understand the reasons behind the decline in business activity among Russian companies, a factor analysis has been conducted to examine changes in the length of the financial and operational cycles from 2016 to 2023. We also assessed the economic impact of these changes on the length of the financial cycle. However, the food industry has accumulated best practices for creating and implementing credit policies, which has resulted in the reduction in the duration of the financial cycle from 2017 to 2023, with the cycle reaching 6 days by the end of the period. An algorithm for optimizing strategies has been proposed, which involves choosing the promotion strategy that maximizes the return on investment. This article was prepared based on the results of research conducted using budgetary funds under the state assignment of the Financial University.
The concept of stochastic order between random variables has been formed and developed in science since the middle of the 20th century. However, it was only in the last decade that these concepts began to penetrate into risk management applications and into the actuarial field. This has made it possible for them to become an actively developing area, allowing us to compare the risk factors themselves, as well as the level of hazards (risks) associated with them. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations for solving the problem of comparing various risks and to propose methods for comparing risks with different degrees of catastrophicity. The relations of stochastic and dispersion orders in a set of risks are investigated. As a result, a study of these orders is carried out using risk measures VaR, as well as risk measures VaR(t ) (VaR to the power of t), introduced into scientific use in recent years. The description of these orders is analyzed using the stop loss method of risk transformation, as well as the danger rate method. In addition, in this study, for well-known examples of loss distributions are given that find wide application in risk management and actuarial science. Simple methods are obtained to allow one to compare risks under these distributions, which are expressed through the parameters of these distributions. The results and methods presented in this work may be of interest to both practitioners and researchers involved in the problems of risk management and the actuarial fields.
