Digital transformation has driven the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various aspects of legal practice. The use of AI offers benefits in increasing the efficiency of legal research, document preparation, case analysis, and client service. However, this development has not been accompanied by legal regulations specifically governing the use of AI in legal practice in Indonesia. This situation has the potential to create legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the limits of AI use, personal data protection, client confidentiality, and advocates' accountability for AI-generated results. This study aims to analyze the applicable legal regulations and formulate a governance model for AI in legal practice as an effort to achieve legal certainty. The research method used is normative juridical research supported by empirical data through literature studies, interviews, and a comparative approach across several countries. The results show that existing regulations are scattered across various laws and regulations and do not comprehensively regulate AI. Therefore, it is necessary to establish AI governance that includes regulations regarding the classification of AI use, protection of client confidentiality, transparency of AI use, oversight mechanisms for advocate organizations, and national regulations regarding AI in the legal profession. The existence of this governance is expected to be able to create legal certainty while maintaining the professionalism and integrity of the legal profession in facing technological developments.
Medical records are documents that contain the patient's identity, disease history, diagnosis, and medical actions that are confidential and must be maintained by medical personnel, health workers, and health service facilities based on the provisions of laws and regulations. This study aims to analyze legal liability for violations of the confidentiality of patients' medical records by the Social Security Administration Agency (BPJS) as well as the form of legal protection provided to patients and medical personnel in the Indonesian legal system. The results of the study show that "Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health violates by disclosing the confidentiality of medical records without the patient's consent or a valid legal basis. In the event that sanctions have not been expressly regulated in special provisions, legal liability can still be imposed based on the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generalis. Legal liability for doctors can be in the form of administrative sanctions, such as written reprimands, restrictions and revocation of practice licenses; civil liability based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code; and criminal liability based on Article 443 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code". In addition, hospitals as legal entities can also be held administratively liable in the form of revocation of operational licenses and legal entity status. "Legal protection for BPJS patients is normatively guaranteed in Article 276 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. "However, the regulation regarding the opening of medical records in the context of the administration of BPJS claims has not shown the consistency of norms, especially due to disharmony with Article 38 of BPJS Kesehatan Regulation Number 7 of 2018, so that it has the potential to cause legal uncertainty and weaken the protection of patient data confidentiality
Indonesia applies the principle of democracy, as reflected in the direct election of the President and Presidential candidates by the people. However, under the regulation of Article 6A of the 1945 Constitution, Presidential and Vice-Presidential candidates eligible for election by the people can only originate from political parties. This study examines this issue through the perspective of the Philosophy of Law, encompassing ontology, axiology, and epistemology. The objective is to determine whether this provision aligns with the ideal values of democracy. Based on Gustav Radbruch’s theory, it can be concluded that this exclusive athority gives rise to potential injustice, specifically the unfulfillment of the citizens' right to vote and to be elected through independent channels. Therefore, it is recommended that the constitution remain open to independent candidacy for the President and Vice President. Keywords: Democracy, Political Party, Philosophy, Justice
Recent developments in Indonesia’s criminal justice system indicate a shift in direction: from a focus on punishment to an approach centered on restorative justice. This approach views criminal justice not merely as a means of sanctioning offenders, but also as an effort to restore the victims’ losses and repair social relationships disrupted by criminal acts. In practice, restorative justice has begun to gain recognition through various policies, including Regulation of the Indonesian National Police No. 8 of 2021 and Law No. 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code. This study aims to examine how the mechanisms for applying restorative justice operate during the investigative stage, as well as to analyze its application in the case involving Nabilah O’Brien and Zendhy Kusuma in the “Bibi Kelinci” case. The methodology employed is a normative legal study using a regulatory framework and case study approach, utilizing legal materials from a literature review analyzed qualitatively. It demonstrates that the application of restorative justice during the investigative stage opens opportunities for case resolution through restorative processes between the perpetrator and the victim. This process is expected to yield a fair agreement focused on restoration. However, in practice, challenges remain, particularly regarding the consistency of application and legal certainty within the criminal justice system
