Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) record local neural activity from within the cortex. Current studies of IME tissue responses provide whole-transcriptome multicellular spots, targeted transcript coordinates, regional ribonucleic acid (RNA) or protein profiles, registered morphology, and exploratory associations between tissue measurements and recording performance. Implant-centered distance locates these measurements relative to the device. This methodological framework review extends implant-centered analyses by defining spatial niches that characterize local cellular, molecular, and structural context at defined neighborhood scales. We organize niche-level analyses into niche identification, implant-referenced spatial organization, and niche-conditioned molecular relationships, with platform-specific guidance for Visium, Xenium, and GeoMx inputs. Finally, we propose candidate relationships between niche-derived features and recording outcomes at matched functional scales for testing in future IME studies.
High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are a new class of materials that have attracted significant attention due to their unique compositional complexity and exceptional mechanical, thermal, and functional properties. Conventional HEA fabrication methods are often constrained by challenges in achieving compositional homogeneity, precise microstructural control, and the production of complex geometries. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has received great attention as a promising approach to enable HEA fabrication due to its ability to manufacture near-net-shape components, produce non-equilibrium microstructure, reduce material waste, and enhance design flexibility. This review summarises recent advances in AM-based fabrication of HEAs and discusses the effect of feedstock characteristics, particularly powder and wire quality, on processability and final component properties. Recent findings on microstructural evolution, phase formation, grain morphology, mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured HEAs and reinforced HEAs, and the corresponding mechanical performance are also reviewed. Furthermore, current challenges related to defect formation, residual stresses, scalability, phase control, and process optimisation are highlighted. Finally, the role of machine learning in alloy design and optimisation of process parameters, as well as future research directions for accelerating the development of AMed HEAs, are discussed.
The current study developed an amine-terminated zirconium metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) to effectively adsorb lanthanum (La3+) from water. The UiO-66-NH2 was confirmed by various analytical techniques. The optimization of La3+ removal was achieved through response surface methodology. For the adsorption of La3+, the best conditions were determined to be 10 mg of adsorbent, pH 9, and 150 min of contact time. The adsorbent UiO-66-NH2 exhibited a high surface area of 682 m2/g with a removal efficiency of 99.86% and an adsorption capacity of 312.5 mg/g for La3+. The solution pH and the adsorbent quantity had a great effect on the rate of La3+ adsorption. The Freundlich model was well suited the adsorption isotherm with an R2 value of 0.9986. The La3+ adsorption on the UiO-66-NH2 followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The Weber-Morris model suggested that the adsorption process was primarily governed by a single mass-transfer mechanism throughout the examined time interval. Therefore, it is possible to use this type of MOF as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals and rate earth metals from sea water.
The development of multifunctional textile surfaces with enhanced ultraviolet (UV) protection, thermophysiological comfort, and thermal insulation is of considerable interest for protective clothing and wearable applications. This study systematically evaluates the effects of a bio-inspired polydopamine (PDA)-assisted SiO2 coating on the thermophysiological comfort and UV-protective performance of PET fabrics, establishing the relationship between surface modification and multifunctional textile performance. A bio-inspired, PDA-assisted strategy was employed to immobilize silica (SiO2) nanoparticles onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics via a simple, environmentally friendly surface-modification process. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the coated fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the successful deposition of a uniform PDA/SiO2 hybrid coating. The coated fabrics exhibited remarkable ultraviolet shielding performance, with the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) increasing from 27 for pristine PET to 310 for the Si45/PDA sample. The corresponding UVA and UVB blocking efficiencies exceeded 98% and 99%, respectively. The SiO2 coating also significantly improved thermal properties by reducing thermal conductivity from 0.1052 to 0.0881 W/m·K, increasing thermal resistance from 0.00117 to 0.00150 m2 K/W, and enhancing the thermal insulation index by approximately 66%. Despite coating, the fabrics maintained high relative water vapor permeability (88.2%–93.5%) and acceptable air permeability, while the overall moisture management capability (OMMC) increased markedly from 0.12 for pristine PET to 0.74 for the Si45/PDA sample. Infrared thermography further confirmed the enhanced thermal insulation performance of the coated fabrics. These findings demonstrate that PDA-assisted SiO2 surface engineering provides a simple, scalable, and sustainable strategy for developing multifunctional PET textiles with enhanced UV protection and thermophysiological comfort for advanced protective and outdoor textile applications.
