Market distribution within planned urban settlement areas may still produce accessibility disparities and traffic imbalances. These dynamics can weaken pedestrian vitality and threaten the quality of residential spaces.This study aims to examine how the distribution of regulated markets influences walkability-based accessibility and adjacent traffic flows in planned residential areas of Delhi. The objective is to identify spatial patterns that either sustain or degrade urban residential environments and to investigate the potential of integrated spatial analysis in risk mitigation.Using geospatial datasets-based congestion indicators, the study applies buffer analysis, and hotspot analysis to: (i) map market distribution; (ii) assess gaps in walkable catchments; and (iii) quantify links between market accessibility and road traffic intensity.The findings reveal significant spatial inequities in walkable access to formal markets and demonstrate that areas with insufficient market catchments show low traffic utilization, whereas highly concentrated areas correspond with traffic saturation. These insights provide a replicable, data-driven model for strategically improving walkability, mitigating congestion, and preventing residential space degradation in rapidly urbanizing regions.
Bab Louta Dam, located about 15 km from Tahla town in Morocco, has shown significant interactions between changes in water quality and climate change since it was filled in 2001. The objective is to conduct a study of the water quality, assess the effects of climate change on the ecological balance, and analyse water quality trends using appropriate technical tools. The results obtained showed a satisfactory quality of the Bab Louta reservoir for the production of water for food use, a firm thermal stratification, the occurrence of anoxic conditions in deep waters towards the end of the summer period, and the presence of undesirable elements, particularly manganese, iron, and hydrogen sulfide, requiring advanced conventional treatment. The plankton analysis shows a notable algal biomass and a marked trend towards a eutrophic state. This study made it possible to identify the mechanisms by which climate change affects the water quality of the Bab Louta dam and its ecological balance, to establish correlations between different physicochemical, hydro biological, and climatological parameters, to carry out a predictive analysis of water quality in relation to future climate changes, and to propose remedies for water quality problems related to future climate changes.
Climate and hydrology-related stresses arise in central and southern Iraq as a result of both the impacts of climate change and declining river flows, and long-term assessments are still limited. This study aims to address two questions: how have climatic and environmental conditions changed over time in the study area, and what is the relationship between climate change and drought in the region. A Geographic Information System (GIS) with remote sensing data was utilized to study climatic, hydrological, and ecological variables. The Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were used for trend analysis. To assess the vegetation and surface water conditions, the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were utilized. The final results illustrated a strengthening pattern of hydroclimatic stress, with a significant decline in rainfall alongside a rise in mean temperature and land surface temperature, which led to increased evaporation rates and declined relative humidity. The surface water decreased from 22 to 15% and the percentage of land affected by extreme drought expanded from 37 to 43%. Also, growing winds and dust storm events underscore a self-enhancing feedback mechanism associated with land degradation. These changes are further intensified by declining inflows from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers because of upstream control over these river systems.
Ground displacement monitoring is a key aspect of assessing the impacts of underground gas storage (UGS). Conventional approaches are based on geodetic methods that, while providing high accuracy, are limited in spatial coverage and temporal resolution. This study assesses the suitability of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) as a complement to standard ground displacement monitoring and identifies a method with sufficient accuracy to assess ground displacement conditions and facility safety. A comparative analysis was conducted using European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) data and independently derived Sentinel-1-based time series generated with the small baseline subset (SBAS) and persistent scatterer InSAR (PSI) methods. The analysis of a cavern UGS facility located in northern Poland spanned a five-year period from 2019 to 2023 and included error analysis and significance testing of differences between the methods. Observed displacement rates across the study area ranged from −4.3 mm/year for the SBAS method to −0.4 mm/year for PSI. Although the absolute values of the estimated velocities differed among the methods, the differences between the modeled deformation rates were statistically insignificant. The results confirm that InSAR can supplement geodetic monitoring and help investigate seasonal ground deformations associated with gas injection and withdrawal cycles as well as environmental processes, capturing patterns that discrete geodetic measurements may miss.
The aim of the study was to assess the sedimentation of the Klimk & oacute;wka reservoir using topographic differencing (TD) analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) created for two periods: before the reservoir was filled and after 30 years of operation. The archival model was developed from a scanned and calibrated analogue large-scale (1:5,000) topographic map with contour lines and elevation points. The current model was obtained by integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and bathymetric measurements with a GNSS-positioned dual-frequency echo sounder. The accuracy of both models was analysed in detail, taking into account cartographic errors, map shrinkage, the scanning and calibration process, and the heterogeneous accuracy of the archival elevation data. Based on the DEM difference, the estimated sedimentation volume was considered unreliable. A detailed analysis of selected cross-sections revealed local accumulation processes in the backwater zone and slope erosion, but did not permit a reliable assessment of the siltation of the entire reservoir. The authors conclude that the reliable application of the TD method requires comparing two models produced with similarly high accuracy (e.g. UAV + bathymetry), while analogue cartographic materials from the 1970s do not meet current accuracy requirements for this type of analysis.
