In this study, new fuel blends were prepared by blending a high-boiling-point hydrocarbon mixture obtained through the thermal pyrolysis of waste plastic injectors with ethanol and diesel fuel. The effects of these blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions were then investigated in a diesel engine. In this context, waste plastic injector pyrolysis oil (WPPO) was blended with standard diesel fuel (SDF) at two different ratios to prepare blended fuels, namely, WPPO10 (10% WPPO + 90% SDF by volume) and WPPOE10 (10% WPPO + 10% ethanol + 80% SDF). In the experimental study, first the neat diesel fuel, then the WPPO10 and WPPOE10 blended fuels were tested in a diesel engine, and the obtained data were compared. Considering the average of all engine speeds, it was observed that the engine running on WPPO10 and WPPOE10 blended fuels decreased torque, power, and NOx emissions compared to SDF, while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), CO2, CO, and HC emissions increased. Furthermore, as a result of the improvement in combustion characteristics achieved by adding ethanol to the blended fuel, CO, HC, and NOx emissions decreased by 17.54%, 27.78%, and 13.33%, respectively, while CO2 emissions increased by 9.01% in the engine running on WPPOE10 compared to WPPO10 fuel. In conclusion, it was determined that the addition of alcohol to pyrolysis fuel makes a positive contribution to reducing environmental impacts, with respect to recycling waste plastics and utilizing the pyrolysis oil obtained from these wastes as an alternative fuel in diesel engines.
This study evaluated the potential of ammonia borane (AB) as a fuel additive in internal combustion engines, examining its energy and exergy characteristics in blends with gasoline. The fuel formulations tested included AB10, AB15, and AB20, corresponding to 10%, 15%, and 20% AB by volume, respectively, alongside pure gasoline (G100) for comparison. The energy and exergy analysis revealed that while AB blends increased the overall energy content of the fuel, their efficiency was lower than that of pure gasoline under similar operating conditions. At full engine load, the AB10 blend delivered the highest energy output of 12.99 kW, compared to 10.76 kW for AB15, 8.57 kW for AB20, and 12.19 kW for G100. Despite the higher energy outputs, AB blends exhibited lower energy and exergy efficiencies. At full load, energy efficiencies were 19% for AB10, 18% for AB15, 16% for AB20, and 24% for G100. Similarly, exergy efficiencies at full load were 14%, 13%, and 12% for AB10, AB15, and AB20, respectively, compared to 22% for G100. These results suggest that while AB blends provide higher energy content, they result in increased irreversible losses during combustion, indicating less optimized thermodynamic performance. Additionally, advancements in engine technologies and fuel production processes are essential to fully realize the potential of amine-borane additives for sustainable fuel applications. The findings suggest that while AB fuels hold promise for enhancing energy density, their application in internal combustion engines requires careful consideration of efficiency losses and optimization strategies.
