From the perspective of time and space,the effect of regional water use intensity was decomposed into the industrialization effect,industrial structure upgrading effect,water-saving technology effect of the tertiary industry,carrying capacity effect of domes-tic water use,and the scale effect of urban population water use.The LMDI decomposition expansion model of temporal and spatial dif-ferences in regional water use intensity was constructed.Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example,the driving channels and internal influencing mechanisms of industrial structure upgrading on temporal and spatial differences in water use intensity were explored in depth.The results showed that the upgrading of industrial structure was an important factor to inhibit the increase of water use intensity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020,but its inhibitory effect had weakened year by year since 2012,and had turned to promote the growth of water use intensity,and then turned to inhibitory effect in 2020.Since 2011,there had been a weakening trend in the driving force of inhibiting or promoting the increase of water use intensity compared with Shanghai.The industri-al structure adjustment of provinces and cities under the trend of service could inhibit the increase of water use intensity compared with Shanghai.Anhui Province,Jiangxi Province,Hunan Province,Jiangsu Province and Sichuan Province should strengthen the rational allocation of water resources between industries(especially between the first and second industries)and optimize the water consump-tion structure within the industry(especially the second industry).Guizhou Province,Hunan Province,Yunnan Province and Hubei Province had a low level of service,and still needed to further develop the tertiary industry.
基于12个产地的白及(Bletilla striata)药材,探究其冻干片的质量标准.通过鉴别不同产地白及冻干片的一般理化性质,测定总多糖含量、含水量、总灰分含量、二氧化硫残留量、双[4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(Militarine)含量、浸出物含量,对白及冻干片进行质量评价.结果表明,12个产地的白及冻干片总多糖含量为28.2％～50.9％,Militarine含量为5.32％～10.73％,白及冻干片中的总多糖含量、含水量、总灰分含量、浸出物含量和Militarine含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典:四部》(2015)标准.
以青海省班玛县为例,运用替代工程法、市场价格法、影子价格法等方法对该地2020年森林资源生态价值进行核算与分析.结果表明,班玛县2020年森林资源生态价值总量为196.43亿元,其中涵养水源价值、固碳制氧功能价值、水土保持功能价值和生物多样性价值这4种生态价值是班玛县森林资源的主要生态服务功能价值,占总价值的93.92％.针对研究结论,提出优化森林资源保护管理政策与制度、建立科学合理的生态效益补偿机制以及加大资金投入和政策扶持力度等建议,以期为森林资源保护管理提供技术支撑,也为其他地区的森林资源生态价值核算提供案例参考与方法借鉴.
Chitosan and sodium alginate were used as film forming materials and glycerin as the plasticizer.The effects of chitosan,so-dium alginate,glycerin concentration and grape seed extract on tensile strength and elongation at the break of composite films were in-vestigated by the single factor test,and the orthogonal test was established on this basis.The antibacterial activity of the composite films of grape seed extract against Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by the K-B method.The results showed that the best composite films forming process was sodium alginate concentration of 2.00%,chi-tosan concentration of 1.50%,glycerin concentration of 0.2%,and grape seed extract of 20%.The composite films had antibacterial activity against all four control bacteria,with the best effect against Escherichia coli,its antibacterial sphere diameter of 7.4 mm and the worst antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The test method was simple and rapid,and the composite films were sta-ble,with certain mechanical properties,appropriate transparency and water absorption.Adding grape seed extract could increase the antibacterial properties of the composite films,which provided a new idea for the preparation of antibacterial composite films and pro-vided reference for the preparation of film products in the food preservation industry.
By using methods such as constant temperature water bath extraction,atmospheric pressure concentration,conventional chemical index detection,simultaneous distillation extraction,and GC-MS internal standard quantitative detection of aroma compo-nents,the extraction rate and changes in aroma components of tobacco raw materials after the addition of cosolvents(hop∶koji extract∶Tween 80=2∶5∶10,mass ratio)were analyzed.The results showed that after adding cosolvents to the tobacco raw materials for paper making,the extraction rates of all three tobacco raw materials increased.The extraction rates of tobacco stems,mixed raw materials,and tobacco fragments increased by 7.88,0.12,and 0.09 percentage points,respectively.The extraction rates of reducing sugars,to-tal alkaloids,total nitrogen,and chloride ions in tobacco raw materials with the addition of cosolvents were higher than those without the addition of cosolvents.After adding cosolvents to tobacco raw materials,the types and contents of ketones,aldehydes,furans,and esters increased,while the content of megastigmatrienone increased;after adding cosolvent to tobacco stems,the content of 5-methyl-2-furan methanol decreased.The addition of cosolvents could improve the extraction rate of tobacco raw materials and increase the aro-ma components content of some tobacco raw materials.
