This case series presents the two female patient, 21 years old who presented with class 2 divison 1 maloccusion with proclination of upper and lower incisors. Both of them presented with an overjet of 5mm and 8mm respectively. The maxillary dental midline was deviated to right. The objectives were to achieve a pleasing profile, eliminate crowding, correct the inclinations of the teeth, to obtain bilateral canine and molar class 1 relationship, an adequate overbite and overjet, correct midline and a good balance and occlusal function. Treatment consisted of extraction of the maxillary and mandibular bicuspids and fixed orthodontic therapy. The usage of T loop for the alignment of highly placed canine and KSIR loop for the retraction of the anterior segment have been described in the case series.
Purpose: This article aims at a comprehensive review of the fundamental occlusal curves, Curve of Wilson and Curve of Spee from an anatomical, theoretical, and clinical perspective. To bridge the gap between historical concepts and contemporary prosthodontics, it revisits Bonwill’s theory, Hall’s conical theory, and Monson’s spherical theory to understand the depth of anatomic and functional correlations for current clinical implications. Methodology: The methodology included a structured literature search that included historical and recent articles. The inclusion criteria consisted of original articles of Monson and Wilson, peer-reviewed articles and textbooks pertaining to the topic. Results: The original concepts were thoroughly analyzed, and conclusions were drawn based on geometric interpretations. The article then introduces an integrative occlusal model grounded in premolar anatomy, proposing a unified occlusal model. This re-evaluation has led to the introduction of the concept of 'Sphere of Wilson,' that takes into consideration, the maxillary first premolars as critical determinants of the mediolateral curve that is convex upwards and forms a segment of a sphere that aligns with functions of the orofacial complex. Conclusion: This article encourages the development of an occlusal model as a dynamic concept that represents mandibular movements, centric and eccentric movements and its biomechanical interpretation. By correlating historical theories with contemporary anatomical and biomechanical insights, the article not only clarifies prevailing misconceptions but also sets the framework for further research. The article concludes with an emphasis on the role of visual three-dimensional dynamic mandibular movements and anatomical relevance in redefining the occlusal concepts.
Background Anatomical variations in maxillary premolars can significantly influence the outcome of endodontic treatment. Although these teeth typically present with one or two roots, the occurrence of three distinct roots and canals is uncommon and may remain undetected when conventional diagnostic methods are relied upon. Missed canals continue to represent a major cause of post-treatment disease, underscoring the need for accurate assessment of root canal morphology before and during treatment. Case presentation This case series reports three patients—two maxillary first premolars and one maxillary second premolar—with three separate roots and canals. Clinical examination was supplemented by multiple angulated periapical radiographs and 5× magnification to confirm the canal anatomy. All teeth underwent non-surgical root canal treatment following standardised clinical protocols. Canal preparation was performed using nickel–titanium rotary instruments, with irrigation using sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for smear layer removal. Obturation was completed using a single-cone technique with gutta-percha and a bioceramic sealer. Definitive coronal restorations were placed in all cases. At clinical and radiographic follow-up, all treated teeth were asymptomatic and demonstrated favourable outcomes. Conclusion This case series highlights the importance of systematic radiographic evaluation, magnification, and contemporary endodontic techniques in the successful management of three-rooted maxillary premolars.
Background: Osteopetrosis, is characterized by a spectrum of conditions marked by increase in bone density due to defective osteoclast activity, leading to fragile bones, hematologic issues, nerve entrapment leading to growth challenges. On the other hand, osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process of bone and bone marrow caused by an infectious-organisms which results in local bone destruction, necrosis and apposition of new bone. Case report: This article discusses a case of a 32-year-old male initially diagnosed with maxillary osteomyelitis who presented with a draining fistula in the posterior maxilla for seven months. After a thorough combination of history, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory findings, it was discovered that the patient also had osteopetrosis. The hidden connection between the two conditions suggests that osteopetrosis may often go undiagnosed in patients presenting with osteomyelitis.Conclusion: This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by overlapping pathologies such as osteomyelitis and osteopetrosis, particularly within the craniofacial region. The co-occurrence revealed in this patient emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach when evaluating persistent maxillofacial infections. Early recognition of underlying osteopetrosis is essential for appropriate management and may prevent prolonged morbidity.
Various impression materials are used in dentistry. One such material used is ALGINATE. It is an irreversible hydrocolloid. The term ‘alginate’ was coined from the term ‘algin’. It is a polymer of anhydro beta D mannuronic acid of high molecular weight. 1. ADA Specification-18; ISO 1563:1990 22. TYPES (according to ADA Specification Number 18): 3TYPE 1 – Fast settingTYPE 2 – Normal setting3. APPLICATIONS OF ALGINATES:1. For making preliminary impressions for construction of custom tray for more accurate secondary impression for complete denture.2. Impression making for orthodontic purposes.3. For Duplicating models4. Used for impression making in presence of undercuts5. In impression making when there is excess of saliva6. For making impressions for fabrication of temporaries of for indirect restorations.4. ADVANTAGES:1. Hydrophilic2. Easy manipulation3. Economical5. DISADVANTAGES:1. Electroplating not possible2. Reuse is not possible3. Strength is poor
