The present study was carried out to investigate paraneoplastic syndromes along with histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization. A total of 55 tumors cases were evaluated and about 10 canine mammary tumor cases were recorded at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh over a period of 6 months (April 2025-September 2025). General clinical signs shown by these dogs were cancer anorexia, cachexia, inappetence, dullness, dehydration along with pigmented plaques in a few cases. Grossly, the tumor masses were predominantly cystic, nodular and solid, exhibiting a texture that ranged from soft to firm. Some of these masses were pedunculated, either solitary or affecting the entire chain of the mammary gland. Cytological analysis of mammary tumors revealed an acinar pattern of glandular epithelial cells alongside a limited number of myoepithelial cells exhibiting significant anaplasia. Hematological findings indicated the presence of anemia accompanied by neutrophilic leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Assessment of serum showed reduced levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST); elevated protein levels accompanied by increased gammaglobulin, along with hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia. The histopathological examination of the tumors identified simplex cystic papillary and mixed type carcinoma, tubulopapillary carcinoma, microacinar carcinoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, capillary hemangioma, as well as mixed mammary tumors including cystic chondrolipofibroma and hemangiochondrocystic fibrolipoma. Van Geison staining was performed for required set of tissues for differentiation of tissue origin. Immunohistochemistry was conducted with vimentin, cytokeratin for tissue differentiation, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor to confirm the presence or influence of hormones for tumor proliferation.
A Chippiparai female dog of five years old was presented with nodular swellings in neck and leg at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli. Grossly, slightly raised, firm masses were found subcutaneously over the neck, ear base, shoulder and leg. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed from individual masses and examined microscopically. Cytological smears were composed of bloody background with clusters of epithelial cells and multiple filiform-shaped microfilaria. Morphology of microfilaria were identified as L1 of Dirofilaria repens whereas cellular clusters were identified as sebaceous adenoma. The present study records the incidence of subcutaneous filariasis in a Chippiparai dog with neoplastic changes in associated tissues.
A total of 50 spleens and 250 lymph nodes collected from buffaloes were examined, in which amyloid deposition was identified in 3 spleens and 144 lymph nodes, included 30 prescapular, 38 prefemoral, 29 hepatic, 23 mesenteric and 24 bronchial lymph nodes. Cytological examination revealed the presence of amorphous, homogenous, extracellular material suggestive of amyloid along with associated cellular changes. Histopathological examination demonstrated eosinophilic, amorphous extracellular deposits within the lymphoid tissues, lead to partial distortion of the normal architecture of the affected organs. The findings of the present study indicated that increased occurrence of amyloidosis in the lymphoid organs of buffaloes and highlighting the significance of cytological and histopathological techniques in the detection of this condition.
Trichosomoides crassicauda is a nematode parasite inhabiting the urinary bladder of wild and laboratory rats. Its unique feature is the presence of the male worm permanently embedded within the uterus of the female worm. On gross examination, no specific lesions could be detected in the urinary bladder. Histopathological examination of urinary bladder revealed epithelial hyperplasia, mucosal thickening and multiple cut sections of parasite. Within the lumen and mucosa well-developed eggs and female parasites were embedded in the epithelium of urinary bladder with no inflammatory reaction around the parasite. Based on the gross examination and histopathological findings, the case was identified as incidence of Trichosomoides crassicauda in rat.
Collagen-rich extracellular matrices (ECMs) recovered from mammalian organs and tissue have found clinical uses in several formats like thin sheets, powder, ointments, gels, etc.; either as a standalone tissue engineering scaffold or in combination with other biomaterials and pharmaceuticals for many regenerative medical applications. Out of these, gel formulations of ‘advanced wound care products’ made of animal-derived ECMs have high utility because of structural adaptability, biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties. This study demostrated the wound healing potential of a porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix gel formulation in rat full-thickness skin-excision wound model by gross and histomorphological studies.
