Chicken meat serves as an economical and widely available source of animal protein. Intentional substitution with meat from dead-on-arrival (DOA) chickens may occur within food supply and service sectors. DOA chickens, defined as birds died between catching and unloading at the slaughterhouse, pose food safety risks and are prohibited (haram) for Muslims. Cooking, particularly boiling, may obscure quality differences between halal-slaughtered and DOA chicken meat, necessitating reliable analytical methods for differentiation. This study aimed to differentiate boiled halal-slaughtered and DOA chicken meat through volatilomics and fatty acid profiling, combined with multivariate analysis. 57 volatile compounds were identified, with DOA meat showing higher abundance. Halal-slaughtered meat was characterized by 2,3,4-trimethylhexane, trimethylene oxide, heptanal, nonane, and 2-pentylfuran, whereas dimethyl sulfide and methanethiol marked DOA meat and were associated with undesirable odor. 17 fatty acids were detected, and multivariate analysis showed clear group separations. Halal-slaughtered meat marked by behenic, arachidic, erucic, eicosenoic, and palmitoleic acids, whereas elaidic acid was specific to DOA meat. Correlation analysis indicated that fatty acids may contribute to volatile compounds formation. Overall, volatilomics and fatty acid profiling, combined with multivariate analysis, provide a promising approach for distinguishing boiled chicken based on slaughter status, supporting quality assurance and halal authentication.
This study employs the green synthesis approach of the film chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-curcumin-capped ZnO-CuO nanoparticles (Chi-PVA-cur-capped ZnO-CuO NPs). To create a multifunctional material, the biological and bimetallic agents work in concert to create the new chi-PVA-cur-capped ZnO-CuO NPs film. Curcuma longa ethanol extract was utilized to create cur-capped ZnO–CuO NPs. The casting approach was used to create this film. FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, and the agar diffusion method were used to examine the films for antibacterial activity. Cur-capped ZnO-CuO NPs had a particle size of 485.24 ± 5.66 nm. The swelling degree, moisture content, and thickness were all raised in all three films, but the water-soluble matter was decreased. FTIR results verified the existence of some functional groups: O–H, N–H, C–H, C=O, amide I, Zn–O, and Cu–O groups. The XRD analysis verified that all the films were amorphous. All that is present in the film is C, O, Cu, and Zn, and it has a rough form area in the SEM image. The film of type C showed a zone of inhibition in Escherichia coli at 20.69 ± 1.15 mm. These results imply that all-film has a great deal of promise as a strong antibacterial packaging material.
Featherback fish (Chitala ornata) paste production discards fish heads with a notable protein content of 27.99 ± 0.68% (dry weight basis), showing a potential for using fish heads as a natural source of bioactive hydrolysate generation. This study utilized the fish heads for hydrolysis reaction using Alcalase to obtain a protein hydrolysate with antioxidant activity and foaming and emulsifying capacities. The best Alcalase hydrolysis condition, was determined using a single-factor test, included a fish head to water ratio of 1:4 (w/v), an E:S ratio of 60 U/g protein, and a hydrolysis duration of 3 h. The obtained hydrolysate had a hydrolysis degree (DH) of 38.64 ± 0.65%, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) scavenging activity of 88.73 ± 0.38%, and superoxide anion radical (O2•−) scavenging capacity of 70.06 ± 2.74%. The hydrolysate was rich in Glu and Asp, making up approximately 25% of the hydrolysate's total amino acid content. Within a pH range 3–8, the hydrolysate displayed maximum foaming capacity at pH 3, whereas its emulsifying capacity peaked at pH 8. These findings indicated promising applications of featherback head protein hydrolysate in food development, as a natural antioxidant, foaming agent and emulsifier.
A magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV-vis light and direct sunlight. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and VSM. From morphological observations, the particles in the nanocomposite are tightly aggregated into spherical shapes, with lattice interlayer spacings of 0.24 and 0.33 nm, corresponding to the (311) plane of Fe3O4 and the (101) plane of anatase TiO2, respectively. The bandgap energy for the pure TiO2 is 3.2 eV, whereas it is 2.6 eV for the Fe3O4@TiO2, indicating that the introduction of Fe3O4 expands the photocatalytic activity in the visible region. The maximum photocatalytic efficiency recorded after 180 min under direct sunlight (58.00%) was lower than that under UV light (75.74%). These results are promising for practical applications, highlighting sunlight as a clean, viable, economical, and simple process option for removing organic dye pollutants from wastewater under ambient temperature and pressure. This study clearly shows that the sunlight-driven Fe3O4@TiO2 ambient-scale performance is lower than that at the laboratory scale under UV. Therefore, to achieve high photocatalytic degradation efficiency under direct sunlight, it is necessary to optimize the reactor design and also to dope Fe3O4@TiO2 into a complex system.
The synthesis and characterization of 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)aniline derivatives via the Schiff base approach, and evaluation of their corrosion inhibition and antibacterial activities have been conducted. The procedure involved synthesizing heterocyclic imidazole-based compounds, which yielded (E)-N-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanimine (H1). The products were subsequently reduced by NaBH4 at room temperature, giving 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)aniline (H2). The synthesized compounds H1 and H2 were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, and MS. The effectiveness of H1 and H2 in inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.1 M HCl was evaluated using the Tafel extrapolation method. It was found that H2 exhibited greater inhibition than H1. Additionally, both compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 15 and 14 mm for H1 and 12 and 11 mm for H2, respectively. This reflects their versatility in both medicinal and industrial chemistry contexts.
