Sheep and goat garment leather is widely utilized in the apparel industry because of its softness, flexibility, lightweight characteristics, and excellent mechanical performance, making it suitable for high-quality leather garments. The quality of garment leather plays a crucial role in determining not only product durability but also wearer comfort and freedom of movement during use. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of sheep/goat garment leather based on the requirements of SNI 4593:2011 and to discuss their implications from the perspective of industrial ergonomics. A descriptive research approach was employed using laboratory testing in accordance with SNI 4593:2011. The evaluated parameters included organoleptic properties, leather thickness, tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, softness, crack resistance, water absorption, finish rub fastness, and other quality characteristics specified in the standard. The experimental results were analyzed descriptively by comparing each parameter with the quality requirements established in SNI 4593:2011 to determine the conformity of the tested leather. The evaluation indicated that most of the measured physical and mechanical properties satisfied the standard requirements, demonstrating that the leather possesses adequate structural integrity and flexibility for garment applications. Nevertheless, several parameters require further optimization to achieve full compliance with the national standard and to enhance overall product quality. From an industrial ergonomics perspective, the observed mechanical properties indicate that the evaluated leather is capable of accommodating body movements while maintaining structural stability during repeated use. Appropriate flexibility, tensile strength, and softness are expected to improve range of motion, wearing comfort, and long-term durability, whereas physical characteristics related to moisture behavior may influence thermal comfort and user satisfaction. Overall, the evaluated sheep/goat garment leather demonstrated good conformity with SNI 4593:2011, suggesting its suitability for garment applications. Future improvements should focus on optimizing leather processing and finishing to enhance both material performance and ergonomic quality while preserving the favorable mechanical properties of the leather
PT. XYZ, as a work unit under the Ministry of Industry, is responsible for conducting training for industrial human resources. Improving the quality of training services is essential to ensure participant satisfaction. This study aims to analyze service quality using the Fuzzy Servqual method, which combines Fuzzy logic and servqual concepts to objectively measure the gap between customer expectations and perceptions. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to in-house training participants at PT. XYZ. The results indicate that the service quality has met participants' expectations, with an average positive gap value of 0.061 and a quality (Q) average of 1.014. Based on the Fuzzy Servqual method and Cartesian diagram analysis, four attributes were prioritized for improvement: ease of using the SIDIA information system, ease of contacting PT. XYZ, training meal quality, and communication between instructors/organizers and participants.
The advancement of information technology has transformed library and archival services into digital systems that support academic research. This study examines the utilization of digital collections and electronic archives at ATK Polytechnic Yogyakarta, focusing on their roles, benefits, and challenges. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, interviews, and documentation. The participants consisted of nine undergraduate students and one faculty member selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings reveal that digital collections, including e-books, e-journals, institutional repositories, and digital theses, serve as primary scholarly references, while electronic archives provide research data such as reports, policy documents, statistics, and institutional records. These resources improve information accessibility, enhance literature retrieval efficiency, strengthen theoretical foundations, and accelerate research activities. However, limited access to subscription-based journals, incomplete archive digitization, inadequate internet connectivity, and insufficient information retrieval skills remain challenges. Continuous service improvement and digital infrastructure development are essential to enhance research productivity.
This study explores the strategic digital transformation of Agradaya, an Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) committed to ethical sourcing and social impact in the agricultural sector. Operating in contexts characterized by low productivity and limited market access, Agradaya utilizes digital platforms to connect smallholder farmers directly with consumers, thereby bypassing intermediaries and promoting fair trade practices. The study identifies key strategic drivers of this transformation, including evolving digital market dynamics, technological advancements, supportive government policies, and the firm’s embedded social mission. Using an integrated strategic analysis framework, comprising PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, SWOT, VRIO, Value Chain, Competitive Profile Matrix, Grand Strategy Matrix, and Ansoff Matrix, the research highlights Agradaya’s core strengths in farmer empowerment and agri-social branding, while also addressing challenges related to logistics, funding constraints, and impact measurement. The findings emphasize the firm’s dual orientation toward commercial sustainability and social value creation, and underscore the importance of a stewardship-driven organizational culture in fostering resilience and long-term growth. This case provides practical and theoretical insights for social enterprises undertaking digital transformation in emerging agricultural economies.
Box leather is one of the most widely used chrome-tanned leathers for footwear upper applications due to its excellent combination of mechanical strength, flexibility, and surface quality. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of box leather for footwear upper applications based on the requirements of SNI 0234:2009 and to discuss their implications from the perspective of industrial ergonomics. A descriptive research approach was employed through laboratory testing, including organoleptic assessment, thickness, tear strength, tanning maturity, finish rub fastness, water absorption, tensile strength, elongation at break, softness, crack resistance, burst resistance, and flex resistance, following the procedures specified in SNI 0234:2009. The results showed that most of the evaluated parameters complied with the standard requirements. The leather exhibited a thickness of 1.30 mm, tear strength of 52.38 kg/cm, tensile strength of 1653.26 kg/cm², elongation at break of 60.49%, and satisfactory crack resistance, burst resistance, and flex resistance, all of which fulfilled the requirements of SNI 0234:2009. However, water absorption after 2 h (89.69%) and 24 h (100.35%), grain adhesion (nerf), and wet finish rub fastness did not fully satisfy the standard and therefore require further improvement. From an industrial ergonomics perspective, the excellent mechanical performance indicates that the evaluated box leather possesses sufficient flexibility, structural stability, and resistance to repetitive loading, making it suitable for footwear upper applications that demand long-term comfort and durability. Conversely, the relatively high water absorption may reduce user comfort by increasing moisture retention and footwear weight during prolonged use. Overall, the evaluated box leather demonstrated good conformity with SNI 0234:2009, with future improvements recommended for moisture resistance, grain adhesion, and finishing performance through optimization of the retanning and finishing processes
