Competitive advantage is one of the complex challenges of business firms that require distinct capabilities and resources to achieve and sustain it. Supply chain integration is one of the most critical capabilities which contribute to Competitive advantage according to resource-based theory RBV. Therefore this study tested the direct influence of supply chain integration capabilities on the competitive advantage of Sudanese manufacturing companies and indirect influence by testing market turbulence. Two main hypotheses were developed and tested based on data gathered from a non-probability sample of Sudanese manufacturing companies through a questionnaire sent to (200) companies, where the response rate (85%). The data analyzed by (SPSS) AMOS23. The findings showed that customer integration has a positive influence on quality, while flexibility is not affected by the integration capabilities of supply chain, nevertheless the market turbulence strengthening the positive effect of integration capabilities on flexibility. The study provides managerial and theoretical implications and direction for future research.
This paper investigates an optimization of the quality factor (Q) performance in terms of the input optical power signal of the system and the electrical injection current in the semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Two different binary phase shift keying (BPSK) formats at 10 Gbps data rate are modulated at a radio frequency (RF) of 10 GHz. The RF signals are externally modulated via two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) at a wavelength of 1440 nm horizontal and vertical polarized light. Then, a wavelength conversion utilizing two SOAs converts the RoF signals from 1440 nm to 1550 nm. The variations in Q factor, BER and eye opening with respect to the SOA current, bit rate and fiber length using Optisystem 7 simulation software are investigated.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, E-learning resources played a critical role to help educators organize, prepare, implement and track the learning and teaching process in the higher education system. The purpose of this study is to determining the effect of the dimensions of the UTAUT2 model on the behavioral intention (BI) of Iraqi students to use e-learning, the UTAUT2 consists of performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), hedonic motivation (HM), price value (PV), and habit (HA) as proposed by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of Technology (UTAUT2) on Iraqi students' behavioral intention to use E-learning. This study employed quantitative methodology that utilized the deductive approach and the study variables were examined via hypothesis testing. The purposive sampling was applied for sample selection and questionnaire were distributed by using Google Forms among undergraduate students at Cihan university Erbil, Iraq. Overall, 213 valid responses were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The result indicated the positive and significant impact of PE, EE, FC and HA on behavioral intention to use E-learning among students. However, SI, HM and PV were insignificant. The decision Makers should enhance the performance of system at university to meet the expectation of students as well improve the facilitating at universities. The results of the study are useful for universities, teachers and educators, decision-makers at universities and higher education system in designing and implementing their online system, as well as in making appropriate decisions to allow an increased number of university students to embrace E-learning.
While the role of internal audit has expanded steadily in the digital era to become an organizational strategic pillar, auditors have to bear the responsibility of proactively responding to this expanded role in the current business environment. Thus, The study aims to demonstrate the role of digitalization through numerous strategies and methods in developing internal audit practices in an information technology IT environment. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the nature of the problem and the objectives of the research, a descriptive analytical approach was adopted to determine the role of digitalization in developing internal audit practices, as well as analyzing data and information related to the development of internal audit practices in the local environment theoretically and in the field through a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Findings - The study concluded that digitalization contributes to the development of internal audit practices in an IT environment while acquiring knowledge and skills compatible with the use of modern digital technologies contributes to digitalization of the audit profession. Research limitations/implications - The limitation of the study stems from its application in a local research context. Practical implications - The researcher recommended developing digital platforms and programs for the purpose of developing internal audit practices in the local business environment noting that activating the digitalization mechanisms in an IT environment requires paying attention to strategic risks. Originality/value - The study addresses the deficiencies that the internal audit function faces in the local business environment resulting from organizational, legislative, administrative and personal factors, which undoubtedly hinder the achievement of the strategic goals and visions of the internal audit units and departments.
To design a 3-phase 220V, 50Hz power source fed from only one photovoltaic panel of 250W, 29V and 8.6A is a difficult task. This means that, the DC output voltage of the DC-DC Push-Pull converter associated with this panel must be more than 537V at least to feed the inverter required to synthesize the 3-phase output voltage. This means that the panel DC voltage raised about (20 times), so, a high step-up voltage DC-DC converter with such a Photovoltaic (PV) system is required. Hence, the contribution of this work is the design, simulation and implementation of this converter, because it is the key point in such a system, while the 3-phase inverter is already known. The most important element in the practical implementation is the ferrite transformer, which has a special mode of operation according to its position in the converter circuit. This leads to use a special procedure in its design to produce the required output voltage, keeping the efficiency as high as possible. To track the maximum power point (MPPT) from the PV panel the microcontroller has been used for determine the suitable pulse width of the converter to keep the generated power at high as possible. The proposed converter will be reduce the effect of the shading problem by connecting all of the panels in parallel instead of the traditional series parallel method. A three-phase inverter simulated and implemented to transform the DC voltage from single photovoltaic panel to three-phase sinusoidal AC voltage source to feed three-phase balanced load. A microcontroller used to generate sinusoidal pule width modulation conduction mode for this purpose.
