Educational robots are used widely to teach robotics to different student levels. Studying robotics with a real model is important to implement the theory directly into a physical prototype. This paper proposes a 3 Dof articulated robotic arm for teaching and learning. The robotic arm was built using 3D printed parts as well as typical hardware such as nuts, screws, bearings, and rods. To achieve the appropriate torque, each axis employs a combination of pulleys and belts. Three stepper motors drive the robot, which is controlled by a combination of a CNC shield and Arduino Uno microcontroller. The most important feature of any robot is accuracy. Robots that have a high accuracy can do more significant tasks and produce more accurate data. The main problem with this type of robot is that they are expensive, and most technical universities do not allow students to work freely with these robots. In this research, a design has been proposed for the students to be able to learn robotics with commonly used hardware and cheap 3D printed parts. The two experiments using the proposed design gave a good accuracy at 22.5RPM. The accuracy is higher at 15 RPM than at 30 RPM in the first experiment (P1 to P2), but it drops at 37.5 RPM. In experiment 2 (P1 to P2 to P3 to P4), it gave the best accuracy at 22.5 RPM, but 30 RPM gave a higher accuracy than 15 RPM. In experiment 2, when the speed increased, the accuracy dropped. The goal of this research is to have robots that can help students learn robotics with cheap components that are easy to replace.
To achieve optimum fuel efficiency, ships typically undergo inspections and hull cleaning. Professional divers do the vast majority of the activities and services whilst having difficulties such as cloudy vision. Thus, having a visual detection that able to detect biofoulings is a good practice in determining biofouling location on ship surface. The project's objective is to create an automated object monitoring system to help robots with their work. By adapting Hue Saturation Value (HSV) colour model, detection of biofouling can be made via adjusting the colour scheme of an image. The studies' findings include tethered communication between multiple controllers and components, joystick-controlled actuators operation, object recognition using the HSV colour model, and actuator behaviour in response to sensor input.
Presently, it is estimated that 16 % of the disabling hearing loss in adults is attributed to occupational noise, ranging from 7 to 21 % in the various countries. With the rise of industrialization, sound pollution is set to increase every 10 years. To alleviate this, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) made it mandatory for industrial workers to undergo annual audiometric testing. However, it is still not enough as hearing loss isn't an annual occasion and hearing damage can occur either instantly or it progresses over time. This could lead to workers prolonging and progressing their hearing damage until the next year. Hence, the purpose of this study is to produce a predictive model to assess the risks of hearing loss for workers in the industrial workplace. This study devised artificial neural network prediction models to predict the level of hearing loss in an employee's left and right ears respectively, based on past audiometric data from The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Once the model is complete, variables such as the sample size, batch size and hidden layers were manipulated to view its effect on the accuracy of the model. The prediction model yielded an overall accuracy of 92% with a range of 78% and 98% when predicting the individual classes of hearing loss and found that increasing certain parameters influences the accuracy of the prediction model. This study utilized 5000 data sample to prove that noise risk assessment can be done in a larger scale using artificial intelligence.
To power electronic gadgets, hybrid energy storage systems have emerged as a worldwide option during the last several years. Many of the benefits of energy storage systems may be correctly coupled with these technologies, and a sufficient supply of energy for certain applications can be achieved as a result of doing so. Today's world demands an ever-increasing amount of energy, but it demands that this energy be cleaner than that generated by the existing generating systems. Distributed generating technologies and especially renewable energy sources have grown in popularity because of this necessity. Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) is one of the emerging technology to store energy and supply to the grid using permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). Electromagnetic induction is the primary source of mechanical power in a permanent magnet synchronous machine. The machine speed will fluctuate and influence power usage if there are sudden changes in loading and unloading. A PMSM's speed stability can be enhanced by using a flywheel with varying moments of inertia, which is shown in this paper. The moment of inertia of the variable inertia flywheel can fluctuate if there is an imbalance between the induction motor's output torque and the load torque. As an internal feedback loop, it uses the motor's angular acceleration as input and lessens the load's rapid impact using the variable inertia flywheel. The reduced sensitivity of the motor to the loading impact is confirmed by SIMULINK simulation results under sudden loading and unloading conditions. Variable flywheel inertia reduces power consumption and provides a smoother response and better anti-disturbance capability for PMSM motor systems of FESS.
Flywheels are utilized in rotating machinery to release stored kinetic energy to meet transitory load needs. In this article, a variable inertia flywheel is presented that can generate variable equivalent mass. The design features a flywheel with four modular mass blocks. Due to the angular velocity the mass blocks move leading to variable inertia. A watt meter is used to measure the power consumed by the flywheel. The results discussed the difference in power consumption between fixed inertia and variable inertia configuration. The experiment was carried out at angular speeds of 600, 1200, and 1800 rpm. When mass blocks are positioned at the circumference, the power consumption increases, whereas when mass blocks are placed towards the centre, the power consumption lowers. It is also observed that at high angular speeds, power consumption lowers due to the limited movement of the mass blocks.
