Security has become an important issue with the proliferation of digital communication. Multimedia sources such as images plays an important role in security of data communication. Data hiding technique can be used to implant secret data in host images where existence of data is undisclosed which reduces chances of unauthorized access. Some applications containing legal considerations require recovery of the cover image after extraction of secret data where reversible data hiding comes into view. Limitations of existing data hiding schemes in terms of robustness against digital attacks are major obstacles in the security of hidden data. Content protection scheme that integrates both encryption and data hiding for its protection and authentication will provide major protection against security attacks. This paper presents an efficient spatial domain reversible data hiding technique and also proposes implementation of image encryption upon reversible data hiding technique to protect the stego-image against attacks during communication. Histogram shifting based reversible data hiding technique results significant embedding capacity and achieve good reversibility property of images. Proposed approach guarantees PSNR 48db or more for most of the images like crowded, semi crowded and textured images. General Terms Security, Reversible Data Hiding, Encryption, Steganography, Steganalysis
Temporal expression recognition and normalization (TERN) is promising research area in the field of natural language processing. Automatic temporal information extraction system is in great demand due to rapid growth of digitized information on the Internet. Lot of research has been done in temporal information extraction. But due to variety of temporal expression present in the textual data, interpretation needs more efforts. It is important to understand nature of expression, and then, its interpretation ways can be defined. For example, “on the same day,” it requires information about previous sentences in the text to define reference time rather than considering document creation time as reference time statically. In this paper, a normalization system is proposed that dynamically chose the reference time from text rather than relying on traditional approach of selecting a document creation date as reference time. The system is evaluated on gold standard dataset like WikiWar, AQUAINT, and TempEval-2 datasets.
At the beginning and end of each session, attendance is an important aspect of the daily classroom evaluation. When using traditional methods such as calling out roll calls or taking a student's signature, managing attendance can be a time-consuming task. The teacher normally checks it, although it's possible that a teacher will miss someone or some students' answers many times. Face recognition-based attendance system is a solution to the problem of recognizing faces for the purpose of collecting attendance by utilizing face recognition technology based on high-definition monitor video and other information technology. Instead of depending on time-consuming approaches, we present a real-time Face Recognition System for tracking student attendance in class in this work. The suggested method included identifying human faces from a webcam using the Viola-Jones technique, resizing the identified face to the desired size, and then processing the resized face using a basic Local Binary Patterns Histogram algorithm. After the recognition is completed, the attendance will be immediately updated in a SQLite database with the relevant information. Many institutions will profit greatly from this endeavor. As a result, the amount of time it takes and the number of human errors it makes are minimized, making it more efficient.
Phase locked loops (PLLs) are integral parts of communication devices used in various applications such as frequency synthesizer, clock recovery circuits, synchronization for digital communications, carrier phase, frequency tracking, etc. The non-ideal effects in PLL such as jitter, phase noise, reference spurs, phase error, etc. influence the PLL performance which significantly affects the overall system. For example, a 10% performance degradation of PLL leads to approximately 20% performance degradation of frequency synthesizers. In conventional CMOS charge pump circuit, phase error is caused due to leakage current, timing mismatch and current mismatch. The phase error due to current mismatch is more significant as compared to phase error due to timing mismatch and leakage current. Thus, in this work, two charge pump circuits with minimum area are designed in Matlab Simulink environment to reduce current mismatch. The designed charge pump using basic current mirror is compared with the ideal current mirror. Simulated results show that current mismatch and phase error for basic current mirror are approximately 12.19 % and 0.3480 rad. respectively. This set up can be easily utilized to design various charge pump to achieve minimum current mismatch for SoC applications.
Around the globe, a substantial number of people suffer from mild versions of a cardiac disorder but still lead an active lifestyle. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that the number of people who die from these Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD’s) will increase and reach up to 23.3 million by 2030 [1]. For this faction of people, long term monitoring of ECG is recommended. Moreover, long term monitoring is also a necessity for an improved post-operative life span of a cardiac patient who may have undergone a cardiac surgery. This paper proposes the design of a wireless, locket sized Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring device, which is meant to be used by heart patients. The device is capable of acquiring patient’s ECG continuously and dynamically transmitting it to the patient’s mobile handset, which is interfaced to the device via a wireless channel like a Bluetooth. ECG received on the patient’s cell phone is processed and compared with existing ECG plots and abnormality if detected, a notification message is sent from a patient’s cell phone to the cell phone at the medical-center (hospital) and thus necessary treatment can be prescribed for the patient. An Android application is present in the cell phone which performs this task
