The present review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoemulsion preparation techniques and their impact on dairy milk and milk foam properties. It highlights high-energy methods utilising mechanical forces to produce nanoscale droplets, thus enhancing emulsion stability, and allowing precise control over droplet size. While effective for various production scales, these methods require significant energy and sophisticated equipment, with potential heat generation affecting sensitive compounds. Conversely, low-energy methods rely on thermodynamic changes, offering cost-effective solutions for heat-sensitive compounds, despite facing challenges in scalability and formulation specificity. The incorporation of nanometre-sized droplets into dairy milk significantly influences foaming behaviour and texture modulation, improving foam stability and foamability. Smaller fat globule sizes promote long-term physical stability, addressing common issues like foam destabilisation and coalescence. Understanding the interactions between milk quality, fat content, and processing conditions reveals opportunities for enhancing dairy product quality. The present review underscores the potential of nanoemulsions into optimising dairy milk properties, ultimately revolutionising dairy processing, and providing manufacturers with innovative tools to meet consumer demand for superior texture and stability in milk-based products.
Eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection has become increasingly difficult over time, mainly due to rising antibiotic resistance and unsatisfactory patient compliance. Lactobacilli, which taxonomy was revised in 2020 splitting the genus Lactobacillus into 24 genera, are frequently used as probiotics. According to the majority of recent studies, probiotics promote faster recovery of antibiotic-associated dysbacteriosis, and significantly reduce the adverse effects of eradication therapy. Some studies revealed a slight increase in H. pylori eradication. Other studies, however, showed only a transient H. pylori inhibition, suggesting that the period for testing eradication success should be extended from one to at least two months. Since most probiotics are bacteria, they may be inhibited by antibiotics to some extent. Moreover, they can participate in horizontal gene transfer, spreading antibiotic resistance. Therefore, we suggest that probiotic fungi be administered during the eradication therapy, followed by a transition to probiotic lactobacilli afterwards. Lactobacilli temporarily suppress virulent H. pylori strains, with bacteriocin production of the strains being an additional advantage. Further evaluation of synergistic or antagonistic effects of probiotic combinations is needed. New probiotics such as Pediococcus spp. and Clostridium butyricum should also be evaluated.
The infestation of stored food grains by insect pests poses an important threat to global food security and economic stability. The loss of stored food grains may be due to insect pest infestation, microbial spoilage, or inadequate storage conditions. Among these losses, insect pest infestations cause major losses in stored food commodities. Therefore, early detection of storage pests is highly important to farmers and warehouse managers/owners. Conventional detection methods such as visual/manual inspection, grain probes and insect traps, pheromones, visual lures, and Berlese funnel methods are time-consuming and destructive methods. As conventional detection requires repeated sampling and monitoring, the insect pests can be detected only after the adult emergence. At present, non-destructive methods, viz., improved and advanced techniques such as hidden infestation detectors, NIR, X-ray imaging, uric acid analysis, microwave resonators, conductive roller mills, ELISA, acoustic detection, environmental sensing, electronic-nose methods, thermal imaging, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and machine vision are explored for their potential in enhancing the efficiency and scalability of detection systems. The advantages and limitations of each method are critically assessed, considering factors such as accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and applicability in storage environments. The present review explores various improved and advanced detection techniques employed in the monitoring of insect pests in stored food commodities.
Exogenous bioactive peptides (eBAPs) are short amino acid peptides that are released through enzymatic hydrolysis. These peptides are derived from various sources such as oysters, soybeans, eggs, and other foods. The eBAPs exhibit a range of biological activities. Recent studies have shown that eBAPs have the potential to alleviate and mitigate obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. These disorders include cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we have summarised the biological activities and production of eBAPs and their physiological regulatory functions in relation to obesity and obesity-related diseases. These findings would provide new insights and encourage further in-depth research on eBAPs.
This review presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of advancements in antimicrobial food packaging involving carbon-based materials. By systematically examining research from January 1991 to December 2023, we highlight the evolution of studies focusing on the integration of antimicrobial agents to enhance food safety and extend product shelf life. The analysis utilises bibliometric indicators and thematic content analysis, covering key trends, publication outputs, and collaboration networks. Insights into the multidimensional research landscape reveal the pivotal role of carbon-based compounds in developing sustainable antimicrobial packaging solutions, aligning with global sustainability and public health objectives.
