A total of 16 species were identified, each representing a different genera, spanning 10 families and 8 orders. Most samples exhibited genetic similarity and identity values above 97%, confirming reliable species-level identification. Interspecific genetic distances exceeded 0.1, consistent with standard thresholds for species delineation. Notably, two species were classified as near-threatened and endangered, highlighting conservation concerns. These findings demonstrated the utility of COI barcoding as a genetic tool for monitoring marine biodiversity in Indonesia. This approach is supported sustainable fisheries management and the conservation of threatened marine species in Indonesia.
Improving domestic soybean production remains constrained by persistent pest infestations that reduce both yield and quality. The effect of refugia flowers (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) on pest and natural enemy population dynamics in soybean fields in Panaikang, South Sulawesi was investigated. The presence of yellow kenikir significantly altered arthropod community structure by increasing the abundance of key natural enemies, including Coccinella sp., Oxyopes sp., and Odonata, compared with insecticide-treated and artificial flower plots. Plots with C. sulphureus (P3) showed higher arthropod abundance, including both pests and natural enemies. Despite increased pest presence, pod damage intensity was lower, indicating enhanced biological control. Major pests such as Lamprosema indicata, Spodoptera litura, Melanagromyza sojae, and Valanga nigricornis were observed across treatments. However, damage caused by Etiella zinckenella was consistently lower in P3 plots, with a reduction of 5–11% during the pof filling stage. These findings indicated that C. sulphureus refugia enhanced ecosystem-based pest regulation by strengthening natural enemy activity rather than reducing pest visitation. This approach is represented a sustainable strategy for integrated pest management in soybean cultivation.
Adlai is a versatile cereal crop with its exceptional agronomic trait of regrowing from the leftover stubble after harvest. The effect of different cutting heights was recorded on Ratooned Adlai's growth and production performance during two growing seasons, specifically looking at the Guinampay variety. Results showed that the 15-30 cm cutting heights in ratooned adlai was not significantly affected the number of days from ratooning to maturity, final plant height, number of tillers, weight of 1000 grains, actual grain yield, and projected grain yield. However, taller cutting heights of 20-30 cm increased the number of grains per tiller (P=<0.01) and percent filled grains(P=<0.05). The 15–30 cm cutting range is offered farmers a useful choice that supported the productivity and flexibility of adlai ratooning.
Fungal species causing the black sooty mould were isolated from fruit peels and subjected to molecular genetic analysis. The nucleotide sequences were found to be 100% identical to the fungus Lasiodiplodia iranensis. Results from testing the antifungal properties of stingless bee honey extracts showed that the extract from the H. itama species exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, followed by T. pagdeni, G. thoracica, and T. fuscobalteata. The average inhibition values were 21.43+1.27, 18.54+1.50, 17.51+1.76, and 17.18+0.91 mm., respectively.
The results showed that sucrose concentration affected most growth parameters and phytochemicals formed. The fresh and dry callus weight increased with increasing sucrose concentration in the media. Growth decreased with increasing sucrose concentration above the optimum concentration (30 g.L-¹). Growth parameters, including fresh callus weight and dry callus weight of K. galanga, were affected by the auxin type and UV-B radiation. Contrary to the observed growth parameters, the increasing sucrose treatment caused a 0.05-0.39 times decreased in total phenol content, 0.1-0.75 times total flavonoid content, 0.05-0.6 times EPMC content, and antioxidant activity 0.21-0.45 times compared to that without sucrose. UV-B irradiation increased the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the callus by 1.13 and 1.7 times, respectively, compared to untreated samples. Phytochemical outcomes, such as total phenols, flavonoids, EPMC levels, antioxidant activity, and PAL enzyme activity, were influenced by auxin and sucrose concentrations. While UV-B treatment boosted total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in K. galanga callus, it did not significantly alter EPMC formation. The combined effects of sucrose concentration and UV-B irradiation had little impact on PAL enzyme activity.
