Treadmill Exercise and its Effect on Rehabilitation of Patients after Ischemic strok: A Narrative Study
Copyright© 2018, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms Pain Management in Covid-19 Epidemic Pain is an unpleasant phenomenon and processwhich its management in both outpatient and inpatient settings requires a multidisciplinary approach including medical, physical, and psychological procedures [1]. Although, pain control is a fundamental human rightCovid-19 coronavirus epidemic has closed many pain treatment clinics [2]. The disease has significantly affected the level of public health of human communities and hospital facilities to provide medical services [3]. Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common complaints in health systems of countries which is the reason why many people go to medical centers every day. The main cause of these pains is related to damage to soft tissues such as muscles, fascia, ligaments, tendons and other components of soft tissue in the form of stretching or partial rupture in varied degrees that can cause inflammation, pain, tissue dysfunction. In physical medicine and rehabilitation, various methods are used to manage pain by physiotherapists in acute and chronic conditions [3]. Acute pain usually occurs as a result of sudden pressure that cause affected tissues and dysfunction. Chronic pain also usually occurs as a result of incomplete treatment of tissue or joint injuries. If these problems are not corrected, neuropathic pain may follow. Therefore, care and management of pain is important, especially during the Covid-19 epidemic because of reduced access to hospitals and medical resources [4]. Furthermore, stress, anxiety, and isolation-related problems caused by this epidemic may also worsen the painful symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and lead to decreased performance in the suffered people.It has been argued that untreated chronic pain can exacerbate depression in about 50% of patients which may lead to suicide in 35% of affected cases [2]. Pain related to the musculoskeletal system is either related to previous disorders and problems of the system or is a complication of the disease such as myalgia, arthralgia, muscle fatigue, and headache. Care and management of acute musculoskeletal pain during the Covid-19 epidemic has been discussed as following: Using the Resting the pain site, Ice using, Compressing the pain site,and Elevating the pain site (RICE) strategy:
Aim: Patient safety is one of the most important parameters of quality health care.The role of health care workers in providing safe care is essential, and their positive attitudes towards this issue will positively affect patient safety.This review aimed to investigate the attitudes of health care workers towards patient safety in Iran. Method and Materials:The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline was used to conduct the present review.Data resources including SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC, Web of science, and Google Scholar were chosen to conduct the literature search both in Persian and English without any time limit until the end of January 2021.Inclusion criteria included all English or Persian language studies in which the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to assess the attitude of Iranian health care workers towards patient safety.Findings: In the primary search, 342 studies were obtained, finally 11 of which were reviewed.Among these, 10 studies had cross-sectional designs, and one study was a quasi-experimental research.Overall, 2162 health care workers were analyzed.The results of the present study showed that most health care workers in Iran had unfavorable attitudes towards patient safety.Conclusion: As upgrading health care workers' attitudes seems necessary to improve patients' safety, it is recommended that health organizations provide regular patients' safety training, both at employment time and during service to the health care workers who are in direct and indirect contact with patients.
The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between the stability metrics related to the center of pressure excursion measurements and the WOMAC questionnaire scores. Method and Materials: Fourteen patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis and fourteen age-matched individuals were participated to stand with open and closed eyes, and on firm and rocking support on a force platform. The WOMAC questionnaire was obtained from the patient group. One-way ANOVA was utilized to determine the effects of knee osteoarthritis, vision, and support on postural stability metrics. Spearman’s correlation was also used to indicate the correlation between the stability metrics and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) sub scores. Findings: The anterior-posterior variability of the center of pressure was significantly greater in patients (2.7 mm, p=.003). Elimination of the visual feedback and the rocking support affected the sway area and the AP (p<.001), and the ML variability (p<.024). The pain subscore of the WOMAC questionnaire was negatively and strongly correlated to the AP total mean velocity (open-eyes: r=-.466, closed-eyes: r=-.779). The pain was positively and strongly correlated to the AP variability (open-eyes: r=.796, closed-eyes: r=.744). Patients with knee osteoarthritis showed more postural instabilities. Conclusion: The instability in the anterior-posterior was more eminent than in the lateral direction. The pain was the most role-playing factor in the destabilization of the posture among the patients with knee osteoarthritis but may be disregarded in physically-difficult conditions of standing.
Predicting Pain Catastrophizing based on Pain Anxiety Symptoms and Cognitive Flexibility in Cancer Patients
