This study examines how regional characteristics influence the development of local Smart Tourism Destinations (STDs) in its territory, highlighting that, beyond city level initiatives, regional contexts play a key role by shaping the enabling conditions for smart transformation. Despite this relevance, the extent to which regional strategies affect the development of local STDs remains largely unexplored in the existing literature, resulting in a gap that this research aims to address. To capture the territorial factors that condition STD development, the study proposes a synthetic indicator: the Regional Index of Smart Destination Enablers. is index integrates information from a set of indicators aligned with the strategic pillars of SEGITTUR’s model, which defines the essential dimensions of smartness in tourism destinations. The resulting indicator is applied to Spain’s Autonomous Communities to assess the suitability of the context they provide for the development of local STDs.
El objetivo de la investigación es determinar el efecto de la fragmentación de la tierra sobre la productividad agrícola en el Perú. La estimación de regresión umbral para una muestra de 34 056 unidades agropecuarias de la Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria 2024, indica que la relación entre fragmentación y productividad presenta forma de U, con un punto de inflexión en un Índice de Januszewski (IJ) de 0.84. Por debajo de este valor, un aumento de 0.01 en el IJ reduce la productividad en 0.914%; por encima, la incrementa en 5.070%. Los hallazgos contribuyen a comprender mejor el territorio agrícola del país.
This study examines how political and fiscal decentralization are associated with subjective well-being across 140 European NUTS-2 regions using 2022 data. The results show that political decentralization is more strongly associated with life satisfaction in lower-governance regions in pooled models, suggesting a compensatory pattern. However, this relationship disappears once country fixed effects are introduced, indicating that the pooled association is driven primarily by cross-country institutional differences rather than robust within-country regional variation. Fiscal decentralization results are more mixed: broad expenditure, revenue, and transfer indicators are sensitive to specification, while regional discretion over personal income tax emerges as a more substantive form of fiscal autonomy within countries. Overall, the findings suggest that decentralization is not uniformly associated with higher well-being; its relationship with life satisfaction depends on the type of authority decentralized, governance quality, and broader national institutional context.
We analyze the determinants of the internal and foreign migrants’ decision regarding their employment status and examine the importance of second-language proficiency in bilingual economies. When arriving at a bilingual territory, migrants must decide if it is worth to learn the second official language. If one of the languages predominate in economic activity, there are less incentives for migrants to make the effort of learning the second language. However, if a local language contributes to build or strengthen a regional identity, learning it could help immigrants’ immersion in the receiving region. We use the Spanish Census in 2001, which exceptionally asked all participants about their knowledge of the co-official language in the bilingual regions. Our results show that second-language proficiency reduces the probability of being unemployed and stimulates self-employment. e impact becomes stronger among foreign migrants without Spanish as a first language and migrants arriving after primary school and living in non-urban areas.
Cross-section and longitudinal spatial statistics and econometric models rely on spatially and temporally referenced data. Administrative units like cities, counties, and provinces provide stable data sources, enabling models to combine statistics collected at different times. In Spain, census sections serve as the smallest territorial units in which official statistics are delivered. These areas offer valuable statistics, such as population and housing censuses. Providing these statistics at the postcode level is also pertinent for conducting local analyses and surveys. The issue is that boundaries of census sections undergo regular updates, sometimes involving significant reorganization. The R-package sc2sc automates the transfer of variables between different census sections and postal codes. This paper introduces the package and outlines its methodology, which employs areal weighting to transfer counts and rates.
