Photophobia is an abnormal intolerance to light, which can cause discomfort or even ocular pain. It can result from several causes, including ophthalmological conditions such as keratitis, uveitis, certain retinopathies, and optic neuropathies, which directly affect ocular structures. Neurological disorders, such as migraines, meningitis, or head trauma, may also be causative. Additionally, psychiatric disorders such as anxiety or depression can contribute to the onset of photophobia, highlighting the close links between sensory perception and psychological state. The pathogenesis of photophobia is based on excessive stimulation of neural circuits involved in light modulation and pain perception, with a predominant role of the nociceptive pathway carried by the trigeminal nerve, visual information transmitted by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, and thalamic and cortical relays. Photophobia represents a significant diagnostic challenge, and understanding its mechanisms, along with the precise identification of its cause, is essential to ensure appropriate targeted management.
Introduction. - Glaucoma is a public health problem and is often diagnosed at a late stage. The goal of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with the intention of healthcare workers at the Fada N'Gourma Regional Medical Center to be screened for glaucoma in 2023 according to the theory of planned behavior. Methods. - This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire conducted in December 2023 among healthcare workers at the Fada CHR who were present at the time of the survey. The data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistic Version 20.0.0.2 software. Results. - Three-hundred and twenty-one healthcare workers were included in the study. The proportion of healthcare workers screened for glaucoma was 14.33%. Perceived behavioral control, family history of glaucoma, level of university education and age over 50 years were the factors significantly associated (P-value < 0.05) with the intention to undergo glaucoma screening. Conclusion. - These results indicate the need to adopt strategies to motivate healthcare workers to screen for glaucoma. (c) 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Purpose. - The management of stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) appears complicated and challenging. This study aims to evaluate the possible role of scleral buckling in managing retinal detachment in stage 4 ROP. Materials and methods. - This was a retrospective interventional study over 6 years, conducted in southern India. It includes 13 eyes of 11 infants who underwent scleral buckling surgery after being diagnosed with stage 4 ROP. As an institutional protocol, a 240 silicone band was used in all the cases. Patients were followed regularly at the Institute, and when adequate retinal reattachment was achieved, the scleral buckle was removed. Results. - Ten eyes were diagnosed with ROP stage 4A (76.92%) and the remainder stage 4B (23.08%). On presentation, the mean gestational age was 39.92 +/- 3.71 weeks, and mean weight was measured at 2527.73 +/- 536.87 grams. The mean age at the time of scleral buckling surgery was 44.77 +/- 4.82 weeks gestation. In terms of anatomical outcomes, 12 out of 13 eyes (92.3%) achieved complete retinal reattachment with regression of neovascularization. One case worsened with further progression of neovascularization and a closing funnel retinal detachment. The cases were followed up for a median period of 17.91 f 8.24 months. In terms of functional outcomes, 5 of the infants (45.45%) were able to fix and follow objects, and 3 (23.08%) were able to pick up objects. One infant who underwent bilateral surgery gained BCVA 6/18 OD and 6/36 OS on the Snellen chart. Conclusion. - Silicone scleral buckling can be considered as an effective surgical option for managing challenging scenarios in stage 4 ROP. (c) 2026 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Purpose. - To compare the clinical outcomes of the iStent inject (R) and the iStent infinite (R) in a homogeneous population of patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), assessing the additive effect of a third trabecular micro-bypass stent. Methods. - Retrospective comparative study between eyes submitted to iStent inject (R) (group 1) or iStent infinite (R) (group 2). IOP, number of medications, visual function, type of surgery (combined or standalone), success rates, and safety were evaluated over 12 months. Results. - The study included 163 eyes with a mean patient age of 68.2 years. Groups 1 (n = 103) and 2 (n = 60) were statistically comparable preoperatively. Mean IOP decreased by 16.0% in the overall population, from 15.6 +/- 3.2 mmHg to 13.1 +/- 1.9 mmHg at 12 months (P < 0.001). At month 12, IOP was 13.7 mmHg in group 1 versus 12.3 mmHg in group 2 (P < 0.001). Both groups showed significant reductions from baseline, but the iStent infinite (R) achieved a greater IOP reduction at all mid-and long-term time points. Medication burden decreased by 85.7%, from 2.1 +/- 0.7 to 0.3 +/- 0.7 medications (P < 0.001). Group 1 reduced medications by a mean of 1.61, while group 2 reduced by 1.92 medications (P = 0.032). At 12 months, 79.1% of all eyes required no medication. Absolute success rates (IOP < 18 mmHg without medication) were 83.5% for iStent inject (R) and 96.7% for iStent infinite (R) (P = 0.008). By stricter criteria, the iStent infinite (R) consistently outperformed the iStent inject (R): IOP < 15 mmHg: 59.2% vs. 78.3% (P = 0.009); IOP < 12 mmHg: 6.8% vs. 36.7% (P < 0.001). Conclusion. - In a homogeneous population with similar baseline characteristics, the addition of a third trabecular stent resulted in greater IOP reduction, larger medication decrease, and higher success rates compared with two stents. These findings support the physiological advantage of increasing the number of trabecular bypass points to enhance access to functional collector channels. (c) 2026 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Purpose. - This paper aims to present a rare case of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) following kerato-refractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgery and to provide a comprehensive review of all reported cases. Methods. - In this case report, we present a 27-year-old patient who developed stage 3 DLK following KLEx surgery by SmartSight. The condition was managed with an interface washout using balanced salt solution and an intensive topical corticosteroid regimen. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of published cases of KLEx-related DLK up to June 2025. Results. - Clinical symptoms and slit-lamp findings showed significant improvement three days after the interface washout. By day six, the cornea appeared clear with resolution of the inflammation. Conclusion. - KLEx-related DLK is a rare complication that usually presents within 1-2 days postoperatively, with common symptoms such as blurred vision and ocular discomfort. Management strategies, including topical corticosteroids and interface washout in selected cases, can lead to favorable visual outcomes. (c) 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
