Objective: To qualitatively analyse the phytochemical composition of the extracts of the different Cassia sieberiana (Gbangba) plant parts and to evaluate the anti-plasmodial activity of extracts of the different parts against Plasmodium parasites. To compare the anti-plasmodial activity of the different plant extracts against a control standard. Methodology and Results: Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were employed to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds present. A diverse range, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, and terpenoids, were observed, with varying concentrations across the different plant parts. However, only alkaloids and saponins were seen consistently across the roots, stems, and leaves. The stems were found to be particularly rich in almost all the phytochemicals, followed by the roots. Leaves, however, only showed trace amounts. An anti-plasmodial assay demonstrated concentration-dependent activity over 24, 48, and 72 hours, with roots showing the highest activity, followed by stems. Conclusion and Application of findings: Cassia sieberiana demonstrates a rich phytochemical composition, with alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and anthraquinones contributing to its notable antimalarial efficacy. The stem and root extracts showed strong anti-plasmodial activity, eliminating parasites within 24 hours at 100% concentration, with the root extract being effective even at lower concentrations. In contrast, the leaf extract, with fewer metabolites, displayed minimal activity. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of C. sieberiana, particularly its stem and root extracts, as promising sources of bioactive compounds for antimalarial drug development. To advance these results toward practical application, further work should focus on identifying and quantifying individual phytochemicals using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), clarifying dose-response relationships through controlled experiments, and determining whether activity arises from synergistic interactions or single compounds. Clinical validation and mechanistic studies will be essential to translate laboratory findings into effective therapies, positioning C. sieberiana as a candidate for integration into malaria control programs. Keywords: Malaria, Cassia sieberiana, Extract, Anti-plasmodial.
Objectives: To evaluate the toxicity of delta endotoxins from native Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against adult Prostephanus truncatus and determine whether maize-based toxin delivery form and toxin solubility influence mortality under laboratory conditions. Methodology and Results: Adult P. truncatus were exposed separately to soluble toxin fractions or insoluble spore–crystal preparations from eight B. thuringiensis isolates delivered on whole maize grains, coarsely ground maize particles or maize flour. Re-entry of the surviving mortality worksheet at the ten-assessment structure documented in the thesis appendix gave 539 observations. Three-way ANOVA detected effects of isolate (F8,485 = 4.268, p < 0.001) and maize form (F2,485 = 3.676, p = 0.026), but not solubility (F1,485 = 0.249, p = 0.618); all interactions were non-significant. Conclusions and application of findings: Toxicity was isolate-dependent, with KG 20 producing the highest pooled mortality. Dunnett-adjusted comparisons showed greater mortality than the untreated control for KG 12, KG 20, KG 411, TEN, KUR and KM 31, whereas KM 24 and ISR were not significant after multiplicity adjustment. Maize form affected mortality, but the absence of a solubility effect indicates that a less processed spore–crystal formulation may be a practical development route. The findings support confirmatory dose–response, persistence, food-safety and whole-grain storage trials. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; delta endotoxins; Prostephanus truncatus; stored maize; biological control
Objectif : Cette étude analyse l’évolution des publications scientifiques sur les régimes d’irrigation et leur impact sur le rendement du riz (Oryza sativa L) au niveau de l’aménagement hydro-agricole du Centre de Développement de Diffa, Niger. Méthodologie et Résultats : Un total de 4986 articles (1995–2025) a été collecté via OpenAlex, Google Scholar et Scopus. L’analyse distingue trois phases : 1995–2004, centrée sur la productivité ; 2005–2014, axée sur l’efficacité hydrique ; et 2015–2025, marquée par la durabilité et la résilience climatique. Les méthodes incluent l’évolution quantitative, la co-occurrence des mots clés (VOSviewer), le couplage bibliographique et l’Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances (AFC). Les résultats révèlent une croissance soutenue des publications, passant de 5 articles en 1995 à 720 en 2025, et un glissement progressif des approches purement agronomiques vers des stratégies intégrées combinant agroécologie, sciences du sol, hydrologie et génétique du riz. Les réseaux institutionnels sont dominés par l’International Rice Research Institute et la Chinese Academy of Sciences, tandis que les pays leaders sont les États-Unis, la Chine et l’Inde, avec l’émergence du Niger comme acteur régional. L’AFC explique 88,3 % de la variance, distinguant la gestion opérationnelle des approches systémiques. Conclusion et application des résultats : Les résultats de cette étude ne constituent pas seulement un état des lieux de l’évolution scientifique du domaine, mais fournissent également une base stratégique pour orienter les politiques agricoles et hydriques vers une riziculture sahélienne plus productive, durable et résiliente face aux changements climatiques. Mots-clés : Régimes d’irrigation, Rendement du riz, Oryza sativa, Diffa, Niger. 24651 Mamane et Abdou, 2026 J. Appl. Biosci. Vol: 222. Régimes d’irrigation et rendement du riz au niveau de l’aménagement hydro-agricole du Centre de Développement de Diffa, Niger : Analyse bibliométrique Irrigation regimes and rice (Oryza sativa L) yield in hydro-agricultural systems of DCA Diffa, Niger: Bibliometric analysis ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of scientific publications on irrigation regimes and their impact on rice (Oryza sativa L) yield at the level of the hydro-agricultural development of the Diffa Development Centre, Niger. Methodology and Results: A total of 4,986 articles (1995–2025) were collected via OpenAlex, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The analysis distinguishes three phases: 1995–2004, focused on productivity; 2005–2014, focused on water efficiency; and 2015–2025, marked by sustainability and climate resilience. Methods included quantitative analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis (VOSviewer), bibliographic linkage, and correspondence analysis (CA). The results reveal sustained growth in publications, increasing from 5 articles in 1995 to 720 in 2025, and a gradual shift from purely agronomic approaches to integrated strategies combining agroecology, soil science, hydrology, and rice genetics. Institutional networks are dominated by the International Rice Research Institute and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, while the leading countries are the United States, China, and India, with Niger emerging as a regional player. Correspondence analysis (CA) explains 88.3% of the variance, distinguishing operational management from systemic approaches. Conclusion and application of results: The results of this study not only provide an overview of the scientific evolution of the field but also offer a strategic basis for guiding agricultural and water policies toward more productive, sustainable, and climate-resilient Sahelian rice farming. Keywords: Irrigation regimes, Rice yield, Oryza sativa, Diffa, Niger.
Objectif : La chenille légionnaire d’automne, Spodoptera frugiperda est un ravageur important. Ses ravages sur le maïs constituent une grande menace pour la sécurité alimentaire de nombreux pays. Pour une gestion durable de ce ravageur, une étude a été menée sur son cycle de vie, pour mieux le contrôler. Méthodologie et résultats: Deux plantes-hôtes : le maïs (Zea mays L.), sa plante-hôte de prédilection et l’herbe de para (Brachiaria mutica) ont été utilisées. Elevé dans des cages (50 cm x 50 cm) contenant les plantes hôtes (maïs et B. mutica) infestés des papillons élevés au laboratoire. La fécondité des femelles issues des larves nourries de ces deux plantes-hôtes, la survie des différents stades de croissance et le cycle de vie du ont été étudiés. Conclusions et application des résultats : Les résultats ont montré que le maïs a été favorable pour la plupart des paramètres étudiés et a permis de boucler cycle du ravageur en 24 jours ; B. mutica n’a pas permis au ravageur de terminer son cycle.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of selected farmer-preferred potato varieties to late blight disease (Phytophtora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) and to determine their yield performance under field conditions in major potato-growing regions of Rwanda. Methodology and Results: Nine potato varieties (Gisubizo, Kazeneza, Izihirwe, Nkunganire, Twihaze, Kirundo, Kinigi, Gikungu and Victoria) were evaluated across Nyamagabe, Musanze, and Gicumbi districts during the 2021–2022 growing seasons using a Randomized Complete Block Design. Disease severity was assessed and the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was calculated and analysed for significant difference at P<0.05.. Potato varieties Twihaze, Kirundo, and Gikungu exhibited the highest resistance (mean scale 1.29 – 3.57), while Victoria was highly susceptible (scale 9). Resistant varieties, particularly Nkunganire and Kinigi, produced significantly higher healthy tuber yields (up to 12.5 t/ha). A strong negative correlation (r= -0.82 to -1) was found between AUDPC and yield. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in resistance were observed. Conclusions and application of findings : The findings demonstrate that varietal resistance can be a key strategy for managing late blight and improving potato productivity in Rwanda. Varieties such as Twihaze, Kirundo, Nkunganire, and Kinigi exhibited both high resistance and superior yield performance, making them suitable candidates for wider adoption. Promoting these resistant cultivars can significantly reduce reliance on chemical fungicides, lower production costs, and enhance environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the strong inverse relationship between disease severity and yield highlights the importance of integrating resistant varieties into national crop improvement and extension programs. These results provide practical guidance for farmers, researchers, and policymakers in selecting appropriate potato varieties to enhance food security and resilience in late blight-prone regions. Keywords: Phytophthora infestans, late blight resistance, potato varieties, AUDPC, Rwanda, yield performance.
