Nanoparticles are the spearheads of the rapidly expanding field of nanotechnology. Development of the green synthesis has gained extensive attention as a reliable, sustainable and eco-friendly protocol for synthesizing a wide range of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Adsorption parameters such as Initial dye concentration, Adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature have also beenstudied. Adsorption isotherms namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin are used to test the adsorption data; Kinetic studies such as pseudo first order, pseudo second order and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated. To synthesis copper oxide nanoparticles, a green chemical strategy is employed in the current work. It is an easy, affordable, and effective alternative method. The green copper oxide nanoparticles that were made may be a good choice for removing dye from coloured aqueous solution due to their strong dye adsorption ability. CuO nanoparticle prepared from above mentioned routes is expected to have more extensive applications such as chemical sensor, catalytic, gas sensor, semiconductor etc. This method is the most viable in terms of energy, time, and simplicity. This procedure resulted in the production of copper Oxide nanoparticles on a huge scale.
The spectrophotometric determination of uranyl ion with 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) is a well known and old method. However this technique gives scope for further research in order to make it more selective as well as sensitive for uranyl ion determination. In this study, the experimental protocol has simplified as compared to previous report. An attempt to evaluate the uncertainty budget associated with the determination has been carried out. The effect of different cationic interferences has been studied and a simple method was developed to reduce the interferences.
A large number of scientific papers in recent decades have been devoted to the mathematical description of a mass transfer of substances through membranes. The choice of a mathematical model is to be carried out depending on the specific separation process used. This study represents a verification of how the predicted value of the solute flow density obtained using pre-calculated friction coefficients corresponds to real experimental data for electrochemical baromembrane separation of model solutions. The experimental and theoretically calculated values of the Ni (II), Cu (II), and Fe (III) cations flux density through the heterogeneous cellulose acetate membranes MGA-95 and MGA-100 are compared. It is established that the use of the mass transfer friction model is quite effective in predicting the kinetic characteristics of electrochemical membrane separation of solutions using semipermeable membranes. The calculation error in most cases is within one percent.
The analysis is given of some corrosion problems in the agro-industrial complex associated with various climatic conditions, specific operating environments for machinery and equipment, and some particular solutions are shown related to the use of anti-corrosive materials that are available and effective in agricultural production.
A thermodynamics-based approach to determining stability conditions for metallic nano-ensembles is proposed. It is related to that [ultra-]dispersing the substance leads to changes in thermodynamic potentials (TPs) compared to those of a massive crystal of the same nature. This dimensional phenomenon consists of two components. Among those are a reduction of TPs due to vacancy-related effects and an increase of TPs due to the surface tension effect. Even linear, exponential, and normal distributions of particles on their size in the ensemble have been considered. The resulting equations have been applied to the nano-ensembles of either In or Au particles. The presence of ultra-small particles in an ensemble makes the vacancy-related effect more apparent than the surface tension effect, promoting system stability. With the decrease in the number of ultra-small particles, the vacancy-related effect drastically diminishes and can yield to the surface tension effect, thereby leading to the loss of stability.
