This study introduces a water resource assessment and optimization system aimed at improving water supply and optimizing irrigation in the hill area of southern China.Focused on addressing drought vulnerability, hill flash flood prediction, and reservoir operation optimization by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), Building Information Modeling (BIM), hydrology and hydraulic modeling (H&H modeling), and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) technologies.The system's structure involves a GIS model for reservoir watershed identification, a BIM model for essential reservoir data integration, and hydraulic modeling for flow simulation and storage optimization.Real-time data from strategically positioned SCADA sensors contribute to a continuous simulation database, enabling real-time monitoring of flow and depth, along with spatial and temporal rainfall forecasts.During drought events, the system transforms into a decision-support tool.The developed system was implemented in a southern Chinese village spanning 15 km ² of irrigated land with eight years of continuous precipitation records.The watershed has 22 on-stream reservoirs with varied storage volumes and irrigation demands.The project follows three phases: data collection and assessment, GIS and BIM model creation for daily operational analysis, and SCADA installation for engineering analysis.The third phase integrates a hydraulic model to predict, simulate, and optimize the irrigation system.Anticipating future progress, Genetic Algorithms and machine learning will be integrated for enhanced optimization and reduced management costs.Overall, this research embodies a comprehensive approach, merging advanced technologies and data-driven methodologies to provide practical solutions for agricultural resilience in the face of water scarcity.
Here we propose that hurricane-induced displacements of ocean waters, surges and dimples (even large local emptying), are induced by Newton’s universal gravity force created by the massive amount of water suspended in the sky within the hurricane cloud, and proximal to the ocean surface. These clouds have been estimated to contain trillion liters of water or more. The winds moving cyclonically are essential to maintaining such mass of water suspended in the sky like a giant spinning top. As hurricane clouds have become larger with global warming, our calculations support the hypothesis that hurricane clouds exert sufficient gravity force to displace ocean surface waters across large regions to cause surges and dimples.
So far the high-angle faults have been ignored by geoscientists, since each one is not mappable.Their additive result though is very important.Faults make the rocks outcrop that is, cause the uplift and form domes, mountains (Orogeny).Numerous faults transect the bedding planes of the sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with small or large-scale displacement, therefore the faults make bedding discontinuous.In addition, several scientists have mistaken the lineaments as bedding, since the lineaments look like bedding traces.Their extrapolation led to erroneous interpretations.The plate tectonics is acting at depth and not on the surface.The collision of plates creates various changes such as folds, metamorphism cleavages, schistosity, crystal growth, obduction, subduction and others.Some of these changes need space.The only available space is upwards.The folds are pushing the rocks differentially upwards forming fold-like structures, the mountains.The uplift is an upward movement, which is usually differential, above the deepest point of the sea in the vicinity.When the rocks outcrop, above the sea level, erosion follows, and more or less, the primary shape is maintained.The occurrence of suitable marker horizon witnesses the amount of erosion.Some examples from Greece, Switzerland and the United States prove that the topography is primarily tectonic despite the erosion.The high-angle faults of small dip-slip displacement are the main uplift and orogenic mechanisms.The ignorance of the numerous high-angle faults and the subsequent uplift and erosion, made people to invoke several unconformities, thrusts and nappes.
To evaluate the microbial load indoor airs, is one of the most important parameter of the environmental factors quality, it has become necessary and show how safe the indoor air in the surrounding environments. This study was aimed to assess the microbiological quality of indoor air inside Mohammad Al-Mana Collage for Medical Sciences (MACHS) – Nursing Building – KSA. Samples were collected from each selected floors; (basement, ground, first and second floor), selected room; (corridors, laboratories, offices, classrooms and toilets). Results shows that there are positive growth of microbial load in all samples in selected floors and rooms, all sample have growth of bacteria and fungi, the colony counts was high in basement and first floor comparing to other floors and in toilet comparing with other selected rooms. Statics shows that there were no significant differences between bacterial loads among the selected floors, while there were differences between selected rooms, it was seemed to be free of gram negative bacteria, and only toilets have gram negative bacteria. Significant differences were also noted among sampling time between 8: am and 4 pm, Afternoon samples were more contaminated with more microbes comparing to the morning. Microbe which were isolated from indoor air samples include: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. gram negative bacilli, E.coli, and, Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Candida species. The concentration of indoor bacterial aerosol observed in this study which was lower than the standard. Keywords Evening; Indoor air; morning; Microbial load; sample
Understanding the need of sustainable development in coastal zones requires specific knowledge of the specifics of the environmental as well as socioeconomic considerations related to Coastal Zone Management. Modern Environmental Management systems requires effective ways for the diagnosis of problems and identification of issues that affect coastal zones, in order to be able to handle diverse data and information about specific coastal zones. The application of Remote Sensing and Hydrography provide strong vertical as well as horizontal integration for Coastal Zone Management, specifically issues related to Ecosystem and Environmental Management, as well as economical and developmental issues. Bathymetric Remote Sensing provides capabilities of seamlessly addressing issues related to land cover, land use for coastal or near shore zones. Integrating this data with data from Singlebeam and Multibeam echo sounder can provide detailed water depth information that are useable as bases for building 3D models for underwater environments. 3D coastal models are of great benefit in coastal development activities, such as infrastructure construction, as well as facilities establishments. This report will provide a general overview of the key benefits from Remote Sensing and Hydrography integration for coastal zone management.
