Objective To investigate the effects of bisphenol A(BPA)and its substitutes on the expression of key genes involved in the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells through bioinformatics analysis and in-vitro experiments.Methods The differ-entially expressed genes(DEGs)of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells induced by BPA and its substitutes were determined through the GSE number in the Gene Expression Omnibus database GSE85350.Functional enrichment analysis and visualization were performed on the DEGs using clusterProfiler and enrichplot packages in R 4.2.3,followed by identifying hub genes and protein-protein interaction network construction conducted through the maximal clique centrality(MCC)algorithm.The expression of key genes in human breast cancer samples was further verified by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis.Finally,the mRNA expression levels of the key DEGs were verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The gene ontology analysis of DEGs revealed that 27 DEGs in the BPA exposure group were mainly enriched in spindle organization and myotube differentiation;65 DEGs in the BPF ex-posure group were mainly enriched in steroid response and positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion;and 185 DEGs in the BPS ex-posure group were enriched in organelle fission and nuclear division.Twenty-four BPB-induced DEGs,23 BPAF-induced DEGs,and 101 shared DEGs were not enriched.According to the protein interaction network and the core genes identified from shared DEGs with the MCC algorithm,exposure to BPA and its substitutes could influence the expression of genes associated with the proliferation and mi-gration of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells,including CD44,PPARG,EPAS1,CDK6,PGR,RET,CDKN2B,LDHA,ALDH1A3,and SALL4.Conclusion Exposure to BPA and its substitutes can promote the mRNA expression of the CD44,PGR,RET,and LDHA genes,and inhibit the mRNA expression of the PPARG,EPAS1,CDK6,CDKN2B,ALDH1A3,and SALL4 genes.
Objective To investigate the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)exposure on embryonic development and its possible mechanism by constructing a model of PFOS zebrafish infection.Methods The PFOS concentration gradients(0,0.02,0.2,2,and 20 μmol/L)were established based on human internal exposure levels,and exposed to zebrafish embryos for 120 hours post fertilization,then the basic indicators of zebrasish(hatching rate,malformation rate,mortality rate,heart rate,and motor ability)were measured.The global metabolic changes of zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS were measured through non-targeted metabolomics technology.The expression of differential metabolic enzymes and proteins was determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and western blot.Results Exposure to 20 μmol/L PFOS significantly increased the malformation rate(P＜0.05),heart rate(P＜0.05),and motor abnormalities(P＜0.05)of zebrafish embryos.The metabolomics analysis showed that in the 20 μmol/L PFOS ex-posure group,the levels of glucose-6-phosphate(Glu-6-P),N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc),and N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate(GlcNAc-6-P)were significantly increased,indicating the hyperactivation of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway(HBP).RT-qPCR demonstrated that the gene expression levels of HBP-related key metabolic enzymes(slc2a1b,hk1,and gfat1)were significantly up-regulated in 20 μmol/L PFOS group.Western blot showed that there was a significant difference in the global O-linked N-acetylglu-cosaminylation(O-GlcNAc)level between the 20 μmol/L PFOS group and the control group.Conclusion PFOS exposure may inter-fere with HBP to mediate change of O-GlcNAcylation level,resulting in increased malformation and motor abnormalities in zebrafish em-bryos,suggesting that PFOS is toxic to embryonic development.
The number of swimming pools for infants and young children has been growing rapidly in China in recent years.How-ever,due to the lack of sanitary management norms or standards,there are hidden health and safety risks in baby swimming places.This paper introduces the current situation of the baby swimming industry,the characteristics of baby swimming places,and the existing health and safety problems,focusing discussion on the health design requirements,and sanitary quality requirements for water quality,indoor air,and public articles,as well as management requirements for baby swimming places,and also provide suggestions on sanita-tion management of baby swimming places.
Objective To investigate the drinking water quality detection capability of centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)in China in 2022,and to provide a reference for promoting construction of water quality detection capability in CDCs.Methods Data on water quality detection capability of CDCs at all levels in China in 2022 were collected to analyze the detection ca-pabilities of CDCs for all indices(106 items)and conventional indices(42 items)in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006)at different levels and in different regions.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed to compare the detection capabilities of CDCs at different levels and in different regions.Results The M(P25,P75)values of detection capabilities for all indices of CDCs at provincial,provincial capital,prefecture,and county/district levels were 106(104,106),106(104,106),94(60,104),and 37(33,42),respectively,showing a significant difference(χ2 =632.56,P＜0.001).The M(P25,P75)values of detection capabili-ties for conventional indicators were 42(42,42),42(42,42),40(40,42),and 36(32,40),respectively,showing a significant difference(χ2 =396.76,P＜0.001).The pairwise comparative analysis showed that the detection capabilities of CDCs for all indices and conventional indicators were all significantly lower at county/district levels than those at provincial,provincial capital,and prefec-ture levels(P＜0.001 after adjustment).There were no significant differences in the detection capabilities of CDCs for all indices and conventional indices at provincial and provincial capital levels among different regions(χ2 were 3.67,4.04,8.69,5.42,respective-ly,P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the detection capabilities of CDCs for all indices and conventional indices at pre-fecture and county/district levels among different regions(χ2 were 50.16,36.16,177.36,154.56,respectively,P＜0.001).The pairwise comparison showed that the detection capabilities of East China were highest,and the detection capabilities of CDCs in North-west China were significantly lower than those of other regions(P＜0.001 after adjustment).The detection capability was the lowest for gross alpha radioactivity and gross beta radioactivity among conventional parameters,and weakest for Giardia lamblia,Cryptosporidium,microcystin,and glyphosate among non-conventional parameters.Conclusion After more than ten years construction,there has been an improvement in the water quality detection capability of the CDC system compared with 2008,but still with a gap between the cur-rent detection capability and the requirements.The detection capability of CDCs at county/district levels and in Northwest China is rel-atively weak,which should be strengthened in the future.
Based on the World Cancer Report 2020 released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)of World Health Organization(WHO),combined with the literature on environmental pollution and cancer prevalence,this paper introduces the latest information of the global cancer incidence and death rates,and summarizes the types and hazards of carcinogenic factors in air,water,and soil.
