Background: Immunization coverage in Indonesia declined, with most provinces, including Riau, missing the Ministry of Health's strategic plan targets. In Lubuk Siam Village, Riau, community awareness of the importance of immunization was low. A 2023 survey showed that only 13% of toddlers were immunized.Methods: This mixed-method study utilized a sequential exploratory design. It began with the collection of qualitative data, which was then followed by quantitative data to enhance the findings. The study was conducted from May to September 2025 in Riau, Indonesia. The target population consisted of all mothers with toddlers aged 0 to 60 months. A total of 113 mothers participated in the study. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that family support (p = 0.031), knowledge (p = 0.004), and attitude (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with immunization status. In the final multivariable model, attitude was the strongest predictor of immunization status (AOR = 9.11; p < 0.001). Qualitative findings identified parental concerns about vaccine side effects, lack of paternal support, low maternal education, weak community leadership, limited health promotion activities, and family-centered decision-making as barriers to immunization. Conclusions: Maternal attitude was the most influential factor associated with immunization status. Family support, community influences, and health education were identified as key factors affecting immunization uptake. Strengthening family engagement and health promotion programs may improve immunization coverage
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health concern that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. Health education is a fundamental component of diabetes management, as it enhances health literacy by improving patients' knowledge, self-efficacy, foot care practices, and social support. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a health education intervention in preventing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design. The study was conducted over a nine-month period among patients with T2DM in Pringsewu Regency. Of the 350 patients with T2DM, 107 participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: The health education intervention significantly improved participants' knowledge, self-efficacy, foot care practices, and perceived social support. Furthermore, the intervention demonstrated a significant effect in preventing DFUs, with all outcome measures showing statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Health education effectively enhances knowledge, self-efficacy, foot care practices, and social support, thereby contributing to the prevention of DFUs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Background: School age is one of the periods that experience rapid growth and development and are highly vulnerable to nutritional problems due to poor eating habits influenced by their school environment. Nutrition education interventions in schools are essential to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to healthy eating among students and teachers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education interventions using videos and leaflets in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of students and teachers, regarding healthy snack selection in elementary schools.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a non-randomized one group pre-post test design was conducted in two elementary schools in Semarang, involving students and teachers. Data were collected through nutrition education interventions using videos and leaflets, with knowledge, attitudes, and practices measured before and after the intervention.Results: There is an effect of nutrition education on students' knowledge and attitude in choosing healthy snacks (p<0.001), the effect of nutrition education on teachers' attitude choosing healthy snacks in both groups (p=0.027).Conclusion: The results showed that nutrition education interventions using videos and leaflets effectively improved students’ knowledge and attitudes toward healthy snack choices, and also enhanced attitudes among teachers. However, the intervention had limited effect on improving teachers’ knowledge, highlighting the need for more targeted and interactive approaches, especially for adults
Background: Stunting remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas where access to health education is limited. Enhancing maternal knowledge through digital interventions offers a promising solution.. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile-based educational application (E-Stunted) in improving maternal knowledge about stunting prevention. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest- posttest was conducted in Brebes, Indonesia. A total of 138 mothers of children under five were purposively assigned to either an intervention group (n=70) that received the E-Stunted application or a control group (n=68) that received standard health education. Knowledge scores were measured using a validated 20-item questionnaire before and after the 7-day intervention. Statistical analysis included paired and independent t-tests, and Cohen’s d to assess effect size. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in knowledge scores from 10.7 ± 2.8 to 16.2 ± 2.1 (p<0.001), while the control group improved modestly from 10.5 ± 2.7 to 12.1 ± 2.5 (p<0.001). Between-group differences post-intervention were statistically significant (p<0.001), with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.58). Conclusions: The E-Stunted application significantly improved maternal knowledge on stunting prevention and holds potential as a scalable digital health education tool in rural settings.
Background: Early mobilization is an important component of postpartum recovery; however, psychological barriers such as fear, low confidence, and limited support often delay its initiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interventions in accelerating postpartum mobilization and improving maternal self-efficacy. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 40 postpartum mothers who were equally divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received structured motivational support during the early postpartum period. Data on the timing of first mobilization and self-efficacy levels were collected using validated instruments. Statistical analysis was conducted using the independent t-test to compare mean differences between groups and the paired t-test to measure changes before and after the intervention. Results: The intervention group demonstrated a significantly earlier mean time to first mobilization (8.2 ± 1.3 hours) compared to the control group (13.6 ± 2.1 hours) (p < 0.001). Self-efficacy scores in the intervention group also showed a significant increase from 62.5 ± 6.7 at baseline to 80.2 ± 5.1 after the intervention (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Motivational interventions effectively accelerate postpartum mobilization and enhance maternal self-efficacy. Integrating motivational strategies into postpartum care is recommended to support optimal maternal recovery
